scholarly journals The Effect of School Closures on Teacher Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence From Texas

AERA Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233285842092283
Author(s):  
Meredith P. Richards ◽  
Kori J. Stroub ◽  
Sarah Guthery
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Black Teachers ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Teacher Labor Market ◽  
Urban Public School ◽  
Push Out

Recent scholarship has highlighted the phenomenon of urban public school closures and their effects on student academic outcomes. However, we know little about the broader impact of closures, particularly on teachers who are also displaced by closure. We assess labor market outcomes for over 15,000 teachers in nearly 700 Texas schools displaced by closure between 2003 and 2015. Using a unique administrative data set, we find that closures were associated with an increased likelihood of teachers leaving teaching as well as changing school districts. Notably, teachers in charters that closed were particularly likely to leave. In addition, closures appear to push out senior teachers and worsen the already substantial underrepresentation of Black teachers.

scholarly journals Did the Affordable Care Act Young Adult Provision Affect Labor Market Outcomes? Analysis Using Tax Data

ILR Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1154-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Heim ◽  
Ithai Lurie ◽  
Kosali Simon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
The Impact

Using a data set of US tax records spanning 2008 to 2013, the authors study the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) young adult dependent coverage requirement on labor market–related outcomes, including measures of employment status, job characteristics, and postsecondary education. They find that the ACA provision did not result in substantial changes in labor market outcomes. Results show that employment and self-employment are not statistically significantly affected. Although some evidence supports the increased likelihood of young adults earning lower wages, not receiving fringe benefits, enrolling as full-time or graduate students, and young men being self-employed, the magnitudes imply extremely small impacts on these outcomes in absolute terms and when compared to other estimates in the literature. The authors find these results to be consistent with health insurance being less salient to young adults, compared to other populations, when making labor market decisions.

The effect of school closings on teacher labor market outcomes and teacher effectiveness

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-55
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Hill ◽  
Daniel B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Black Teachers ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Teacher Labor Market ◽  
School Closings ◽  
School Closing ◽  
Propensity To Leave

School closings displace thousands of teachers in the U.S. every year. This paper explores how elementary school teachers in North Carolina respond to this labor market shock. After documenting that declining enrollment is a key driver of school closings in our study, we find that while most displaced teachers move to new schools in the same district, a considerable share leave public education altogether. We find that the increase in the propensity to leave teaching is largest for experienced teachers. It is also marginally larger for the highest and lowest value-added teachers compared to teachers in the middle of the value-added distribution, and, strikingly, twice as large for black teachers than white teachers even from the same closing school. Moving schools after a school closing has no impact on teacher effectiveness as measured by value-added. Although the primary goal of school closings is typically to move students out of declining or failing schools, school closings also affect the overall distributions of important teacher characteristics such as experience, race, and effectiveness in raising test scores.

Overview of Vocational Rehabilitation Data about People with Visual Impairments: Demographics, Services, and Long-Run Labor Market Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Clapp ◽  
John V. Pepper ◽  
Robert Schmidt ◽  
Steven Stern
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
State Variation

Introduction: This study describes the characteristics of, services received by, and labor market outcomes of applicants with visual impairments to three state vocational rehabilitation programs. Our objective is to both document cross-state variation in vocational rehabilitation clientele and services and provide new insights on the longitudinal labor market outcomes of clients with visual impairments (i.e., blindness or low vision). This analysis is a first step in assessing the returns to vocational rehabilitation services for this population. Methods: We first created a unique longitudinal data set by matching administrative records on applicants who are visually impaired in state fiscal year 2007 from three vocational rehabilitation agencies to 8 years of employment data from state Unemployment Insurance programs. Using these data, we examined cross-state variation in the descriptive statistics for important client explanatory variables and vocational rehabilitation service categories. We then compared the long-term labor market outcomes of clients receiving services (treated) to untreated individuals. Results: We documented two important findings. First, there were substantial differences in client characteristics, services provided, and costs across the three states. Second, the long-run labor market analysis was consistent with vocational rehabilitation services having no employment effect but a positive earnings effect. Discussion: Labor market results indicate vocational rehabilitation services provided persistent earnings benefits. Yet the substantial cross-state heterogeneity suggests these labor market results might not be generalizable and should be interpreted with caution. We explain what was missing from this analysis and why the results should not be thought of as causal. Implications for Practitioners: This article gives practitioners a sense of a unique new data set on vocational rehabilitation and labor market variables for applicants with visual impairments. We highlight the importance of cross-state variation and linking vocational rehabilitation data to long-term employment measures. The question of how best to inform the efficacy of different vocational rehabilitation strategies for clients with visual impairments is left for future researchers to consider.

scholarly journals Where Are All the Black Teachers? Discrimination in the Teacher Labor Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana D'amico ◽  
Robert J. Pawlewicz ◽  
Penelope M. Earley ◽  
Adam P. McGeehan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public School ◽  
Black Teachers ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Teacher Labor Market ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Teaching Positions ◽  
Teacher Labor

In this article, Diana D'Amico, Robert J. Pawlewicz, Penelope M. Earley, and Adam P. McGeehan examine the racial composition of one public school district's teacher labor market through teacher application data and subsequent hiring decisions. Researchers and policy makers have long noted the lack of racial diversity among the nation's public school teachers and identified supply as the root cause. Using a historical framework and problem definition theory, the authors question this supposition and explore the issue as a function of demand. Investigating a unique data set comprising all of the applications for teaching positions in a single, large school district, they analyze the extent to which race is associated with principals' hiring decisions. They explore the rates at which Black and White candidates apply for teaching positions and compare those to the rates at which they are hired and the school demographics in which they are placed. Through a logistic regression analysis, the authors present evidence of discrimination in teacher hiring. Ceteris paribus, Black applicants were significantly less likely than their White counterparts to receive a job offer. Further, they find evidence of workforce segregation: when hired, Black teachers were significantly more likely to be placed in schools with large populations of children of color and children in poverty or schools characterized as struggling. The authors call for researchers, policy makers, and school leaders at the district and building levels to examine hiring practices, which may be symptomatic of broader institutional biases, so that they may identify and eliminate inherent prejudices.

Male Migration and Female Labor Market Attachment

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Male Migration ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Mexican Family Life Survey ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of male migration to the United States on female labor market outcomes in Mexico, using the longitudinal data set from the Mexican Family Life Survey. I differentiate between domestic and cross-border migration, as well as other types of absence, and account for their differential effects. The first-difference approach is employed to address the econometric issues of endogeneity and self-selection. Findings show that the effects of cross-border migration on the labor market outcomes of left-behind women appear to be limited in the short term. Domestic migration is not a major factor that influences the labor market outcomes of women.

Can Arts-Based Interventions Enhance Labor Market Outcomes Among Youth?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Calero ◽  
Veronica Gonzales ◽  
Yuri Soares ◽  
Jochen Kluve ◽  
Carlos Henrique Leite Corseuil
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes
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