Some Random Thoughts about Victimological Movement in the World with Special Reference to India

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
K. Chockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Complete Neglect ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Principles Of Justice

Historically, priority of the criminal justice system was always to establish the guilt of the accused and provide a punishment to the offender. Even after the advent of scientific criminology, focus was on all aspects of the offender, to the complete neglect of the victim. Victim was always treated as a witness, and victim justice has been a struggle throughout the world. Many scholars and criminal justice administrators recommended urgent measures to improve the conditions of victims, particularly after the historic Report of President’s Task Force in 1982 in the USA. Since then a victimological movement emerged which culminated in the creation of UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 1985. In this article, the emergence of victimological movement, its impact and the subsequent developments in India are discussed.

scholarly journals Protection of crime victims by legal means: International and European law and policy

Temida ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
Marc Groenhuijsen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Framework Decision ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Principles Of Justice

The article addresses the development of international and European policy in relation to victims of crime. It starts with an outline of the 1985 United Nations (UN) Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. It demonstrates that compliance by Member States with the provisions of the Declaration is still unsatisfactory, despite serious efforts by the UN to promote its standards and norms. A similar trend is described on a regional level in Europe. In 2001, the European Union adopted a Framework Decision (a legally binding instrument) on minimum rights for crime victims in the criminal justice system. This document brought some improvement to victims and their position compared to the UN Declaration, particularly in terms of limit repeated questioning, advanced informational rights, reimbursement of expenses and construction of court facilities. Nevertheless, evaluations undertaken in 2004 and 2009 have proved that none of the Member States fully complied with its content. This document was replaced with the new one - the EU Directive on establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime. It is stronger instrument than the Framework Decision and it includes more demanding standards. But, its implementation needs to be monitored. Therefore, in the presentation it is argued that a lack of compliance is usually followed by the adoption of an even stronger legal instrument, containing even more ambitious rights for victims of crime. It is questioned whether this is the most productive approach. It is doubted that ?hard law? is always more effective than ?soft law?. The most recent generation of more elevated rights run the risk of leading to ?victim fatigue? on the part of the officials responsible for the operation of the criminal justice system.

Taking Account of the Victim in Sentencing in South Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Legal Procedures

South Australia's practical measures to give effect to the spirit and letter of the 1985 UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power have meant changes to legislation and to legal procedures. This extract from a previously given Paper on these changes concentrates on the principles of Anglo-Australian law adopted by Courts in Australia in sentencing offenders, and in particular deals with the relevance of the victim in sentencing.

scholarly journals PEMBAYARAN GANTI RUGI BAGI KORBAN PEMERKOSAAN DALAM QANUN ACEH NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Nairazi AZ ◽  
Aidil Fan
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principles ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Principles Of Justice

Korban pemerkosaan mengalami dampak fisik berupa kerusakan organ tubuh berupa robeknya selaput dara, terkena penyakit menular seksual, kehamilah yang tidak dikehendaki, dan korban juga rentan mengalami trauma yang cukup parah. Ganti rugi bagi korban pemerkosaan dalam Qanun Aceh No. 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat tertuang dalam Pasal 51 yang besaran uqubat restitusi maksimal 750 gram emas. Untuk implementasi kasus jarimah pemerkosaan yang diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Syar’iyah Kota Langsa pada Tahun 2016 tidak diberikannya restitusi, karena permintaan korban mengenai resitusi tidak dituangkan di dalam gugatan kejaksaan, dan korban juga tidak menuntut ulang gugatan mengenai restitusi. Sedangkan untuk kompensasi belum adanya aturan terperinci yang mengatur tentang hal tersebut pada saat itu, terutama lembaga yang berwenang untuk membayar kompensasi tersebut yaitu Baitul Mal Kota. Di dalam HAM Internasional sendiri menyebutkan pentingnya ganti rugi yang diberikan kepada korban, maupun keluarga korban jika korban menjadi tulang punggung keluarga, dan mengalami kecacatan, baik berbentuk restitusi, kompensasi maupun bantuan-bantuan lain yang dituangkan di dalam perundang-undangan Negara, ini tertuang di dalam “Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power” di Milan Pada Tahun 1985, karena deklarasi sebelumnya mengenai tindak pidana hanya memprioritaskan sisi hukuman manusiawi yang diberikan kepada pelaku, sedangkan hak-hak korban terabaikan. Jika dilihat dari sisi yuridis mengenai uqubat ta’zir jarimah pemerkosaan, terutama mengenai ganti rugi telah berkesesuain dengan HAM Internasional, yaitu aspek yuridis Qanun Aceh No. 6 Tahun 2014 tidak mengabaikan hak-hak korban pemerkosaan.

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