11. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
K. Chockalingam

Historically, priority of the criminal justice system was always to establish the guilt of the accused and provide a punishment to the offender. Even after the advent of scientific criminology, focus was on all aspects of the offender, to the complete neglect of the victim. Victim was always treated as a witness, and victim justice has been a struggle throughout the world. Many scholars and criminal justice administrators recommended urgent measures to improve the conditions of victims, particularly after the historic Report of President’s Task Force in 1982 in the USA. Since then a victimological movement emerged which culminated in the creation of UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 1985. In this article, the emergence of victimological movement, its impact and the subsequent developments in India are discussed.


1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sumner

South Australia's practical measures to give effect to the spirit and letter of the 1985 UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power have meant changes to legislation and to legal procedures. This extract from a previously given Paper on these changes concentrates on the principles of Anglo-Australian law adopted by Courts in Australia in sentencing offenders, and in particular deals with the relevance of the victim in sentencing.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Nairazi AZ ◽  
Aidil Fan

Korban pemerkosaan mengalami dampak fisik berupa kerusakan organ tubuh berupa robeknya selaput dara, terkena penyakit menular seksual, kehamilah yang tidak dikehendaki, dan korban juga rentan mengalami trauma yang cukup parah. Ganti rugi bagi korban pemerkosaan dalam Qanun Aceh No. 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat tertuang dalam Pasal 51 yang besaran uqubat restitusi maksimal 750 gram emas. Untuk implementasi kasus jarimah pemerkosaan yang diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Syar’iyah Kota Langsa pada Tahun 2016 tidak diberikannya restitusi, karena permintaan korban mengenai resitusi tidak dituangkan di dalam gugatan kejaksaan, dan korban juga tidak menuntut ulang gugatan mengenai restitusi. Sedangkan untuk kompensasi belum adanya aturan terperinci yang mengatur tentang hal tersebut pada saat itu, terutama lembaga yang berwenang untuk membayar kompensasi tersebut yaitu Baitul Mal Kota. Di dalam HAM Internasional sendiri menyebutkan pentingnya ganti rugi yang diberikan kepada korban, maupun keluarga korban jika korban menjadi tulang punggung keluarga, dan mengalami kecacatan, baik berbentuk restitusi, kompensasi maupun bantuan-bantuan lain yang dituangkan di dalam perundang-undangan Negara, ini tertuang di dalam “Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power” di Milan Pada Tahun 1985, karena deklarasi sebelumnya mengenai tindak pidana hanya memprioritaskan sisi hukuman manusiawi yang diberikan kepada pelaku, sedangkan hak-hak korban terabaikan. Jika dilihat dari sisi yuridis mengenai uqubat ta’zir jarimah pemerkosaan, terutama mengenai ganti rugi telah berkesesuain dengan HAM Internasional, yaitu aspek yuridis Qanun Aceh No. 6 Tahun 2014 tidak mengabaikan hak-hak korban pemerkosaan.


1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irvin Waller

In November 1985, the United Nations General Assembly (1985) adopted a charter of victim rights — the ‘Declaration on the Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power’. Governments and international organisations are now faced with the challenge of implementing these principles. The UN Declaration and the Recommendations of the Council of Europe propose specific ways by which justice and services can be improved. Countries such as Canada, England, France and the United States are passing legislation. However, even there much more is required. All governments must ensure that the principles are put into practice by the police, in victim support agencies, in mental health approaches, in reparation to victims, and for acceptable participation by the person immediately hurt by crime. Further, the United Nations, governments, and private organisations need to establish commissions to assess the needs of victims, the state of services and justice, and solutions to meet needs better. However such commissions must have a role in implementation and prevention if communities are going to be safer and ‘Justice is going to open her eyes to victims’.


2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud

The Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (1985) ensures the protection of victims of crime. Basically, the implementation of this international declaration depends on the domestic law of each state.  Indonesia has promulgated Act No. 13 of 2006 concerning Witness and Victim Protection (Witness and Victim Protection Act) and its Amendment (Act No. 31 of 2014) to give protection of the victim, although not fully adopted the principles contained in the declaration. This article aims to analyze the protection of the victims under the recent Indonesian victim protection Acts and to examine to what extent the Acts in line with the declaration. It is a normative legal research that collects sources from libraries, databases, and archives. This research suggested that Witness and Victim Protection Act has provided the protection to the victim that is limited to victims of a grave violation of human rights, terrorism, trafficking, torture, sexual crime, and serious assaults in the form of compensation (only for a grave violation of human rights and terrorism), restitution and certain assistances under the auspices of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK). However, this Act is not yet fully in line with the Declaration, particularly with regard to the right of victims to be present in the criminal justice process to express their views when it comes to their personal interests.


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