Early Horizon gold metallurgy from Campanayuq Rumi in the Peruvian south-central highlands

Campanayuq Rumi is a large civic-ceremonial center located in the south-central highlands of Peru. Founded in the late Initial Period (1100–800 BC), Campanayuq Rumi became an important center within the Chavín Interaction Sphere in the Early Horizon (ca. 800–400 BC). In particular, Campanayuq Rumi is significant because of its geographical proximity to Quispisisa, the most important and widely circulated obsidian source during the Early Horizon. Portable X-ray florescence (pXRF) was used to geochemically source a sample of 370 obsidian artifacts from Campanayuq Rumi. Though obsidian from Quispisisa dominates the assemblage throughout the site's history, diachronic analysis indicates that the diversity of obsidian sources increases markedly in the Campanayuq II Phase (700–450 BC). The pXRF data lead us to conclude that Campanayuq Rumi was the locus of obsidian distribution to other locations in highland and coastal Peru within the Chavín Interaction Sphere, and functioned as a regional center of worship and interaction.

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Woody species diversity in a changing landscape in the south-central highlands of Ethiopia

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 128 (1-2) ◽

pp. 52-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Motuma Tolera ◽

Zebene Asfaw ◽

Mulugeta Lemenih ◽

Erik Karltun

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Woody Species ◽

The South ◽

South Central ◽

Woody Species Diversity ◽

Central Highlands

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The late Quaternary vegetation history of the south-central highlands of Victoria, Australia. I. Sites above 900 m

Austral Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00638.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 19-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

G. MERNA MCKENZIE

Keyword(s):

Vegetation History ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

The South ◽

South Central ◽

History Of ◽

Central Highlands ◽

History Of The South

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Characteristic of the Regional Rainy Season Onset over Vietnam: Tailoring to Agricultural Application

10.20944/preprints202012.0202.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nachiketa Acharya ◽

Elva Bennett

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Onset Date ◽

Central Coast ◽

Enso Events ◽

South Central ◽

Decadal Scale ◽

Central Highlands ◽

Agroclimatic Zones

Owing to its unique position within multiple monsoon regimes, latitudinal extent, and complex topography, Vietnam is divided into seven agroclimatic zones, each with distinct rainy season characteristics. Variation in the dominant rainfall system across zones affects the rainfall climatology, the primary water resource for regional crops. This study explores the creation of an agronomic rainy season onset based on high-resolution rainfall data for each agroclimatic zone for applications in an agricultural context. Onset information has huge practical importance for both agriculture and the economy. The spatiotemporal characteristics of zonal onset date are analyzed using integrated approaches of spatial and interannual variability, temporal changes, and estimation of predictability using teleconnection with Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) for 1980 to 2010. Results suggest that northern and southern zones experience regional onset dates in May, while the central zones experience rainy season onset in late August. The regional variability of rainy season onset is lower in a single dominant monsoon regime (northern and southern zones) and higher in latitudinally extended zones on the border of monsoon regimes (central zones). The interannual variation in rainy season onset date is found to be approximately 2 weeks across all agroclimatic zones. The significant negative trend in rainy season onset date is found for Central Coast and South Central Coast zones, suggesting that the onset date shifted earlier for the entire period. In the decadal scale, the zonal mean onset date shifted later in the Northwest and earlier in the Central Highlands. Out of the seven climate zones, a significant positive correlation is only noticed in the Central Highlands and South zones between zonal mean onset date and Niño 3.4 SSTA for Dec-Jan-Feb, suggesting the potential of seasonal scale predictability of rainy season onset date with respect to preceding El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.

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Characteristic of the Regional Rainy Season Onset over Vietnam: Tailoring to Agricultural Application

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 198

Author(s):

Nachiketa Acharya ◽

Elva Bennett

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Onset Date ◽

Central Coast ◽

Enso Events ◽

South Central ◽

Decadal Scale ◽

Central Highlands ◽

Agroclimatic Zones

Owing to its unique position within multiple monsoon regimes, latitudinal extent, and complex topography, Vietnam is divided into seven agroclimatic zones, each with distinct rainy season characteristics. Variation in the dominant rainfall system across zones affects the rainfall climatology, the primary water resource for regional crops. This study explores the creation of an agronomic rainy season onset based on high-resolution rainfall data for each agroclimatic zone for applications in an agricultural context. Onset information has huge practical importance for both agriculture and the economy. The spatiotemporal characteristics of zonal onset date are analyzed using integrated approaches of spatial and interannual variability, temporal changes, and estimation of predictability using teleconnection with Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) for 1980 to 2010. Results suggest that northern and southern zones experience regional onset dates in May, while the central zones experience rainy season onset in late August. The regional variability of rainy season onset is lower in the northern and southern zones and higher in the central zones which are latitudinally extended. The interannual variation in rainy season onset date is found to be approximately two weeks across all agroclimatic zones. The significant negative trend in rainy season onset date is found for Central Coast and South Central Coast zones, suggesting that the onset date shifted earlier for the entire period. In the decadal scale, the zonal mean onset date shifted later in the Northwest zone and earlier in the Central Highlands. Out of the seven climate zones, a significant positive correlation is only noticed in the Central Highlands and South zones between zonal mean onset date and Niño 3.4 SSTA for Dec–Jan–Feb, suggesting the potential of seasonal scale predictability of rainy season onset date with respect to preceding El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.

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