scholarly journals Allogeneic Blood or Marrow Transplantation (BMT) with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) Based Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) Prophylaxis for Myelodysplastic Syndrome/ Myeloproliferative Neoplasm-Overlap Syndromes (MDS/MPN)

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
Theodoros Karantanos ◽  
Hua-Ling Tsai ◽  
Lukasz P. Gondek ◽  
Mark Levis ◽  
Margaret M. Showel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia

INTRODUCTION: MDS/MPN are a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders with overlapping features of MDS and MPN, and include chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), MDS/MPN-unclassifiable along with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and MDS/MPN with ring sideroblast and thrombocytosis. Therapeutic options for MDS/MPN remain limited and BMT remains the only modality with curative potential. However, the overall survival of these patients following BMT remains poor marked by a high incidence of non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse. Moreover, most of the published cohorts consisted of patients receiving matched related donor grafts, with limited data on the outcomes of patients receiving grafts from alternative donors. In the current study, we aim to describe outcomes of BMT for MDS/MPN using PTCy as the GVHD prophylaxis platform and primarily haploidentical related (haplo) donors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with MDS/MPN who underwent BMT with PTCy at Johns Hopkins between 1/2011-1/2019. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and GVHD/relapse-free survival (GRFS). Cumulative incidence of relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were estimated non-parametrically in presence of competing events where NRM was a competing event of relapse, and vice versa. Univariate analysis was used to evaluate the impact of donor type, HCT-CI, and karyotype on these clinical outcomes via Cox proportional hazard models for OS/RFS/GRFS, and Fine-Gray's sub-distribution (s) hazard models for relapse/NRM/GVHD. RESULTS: Thirty-four consecutive patients (11 women and 23 men) with a median age of 63 years (range 51-74) at the time of BMT were identified. Of these, 21 (61.8%) had haplo donors and 31 (91%) received non-myeloablative conditioning with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. Median follow up was 3.9 years (range: 24 days - 8.4 years) based on reverse Kaplan-Meier approach. Other patient, disease and BMT related details are shown in Table 1. Time to neutrophil and platelet recovery was 22 days (range 19 - 28 days) and 31 days (range 22 - 67 days), respectively. Two (6%) patients had primary graft failure, both had received a marrow graft. At 3-years, probability of OS was 46% (95% CI: 31% - 68%), 3 RFS was 30% (17% - 51%), GRFS was 26% (14%-48%), cumulative incidence of relapse was 59% (95% CI: 41% - 77%) and incidence of NRM was 12% (95% CI: 1% - 23%). The incidence of grade 2-4 acute GVHD at 1 year following HCT was 24% but no patients had grade 3-4 acute GVHD. The cumulative incidence of any chronic GVHD at 3 years was 20% with 3 (9%) patients requiring systemic therapy. Univariate analysis showed that HCT-CI score at the time of HSCT was associated with higher incidence of relapse (sHR 5.22, 95% CI 2.26-12.08) and inferior RFS (HR 3.09, 95% CI 1.16-8.2). Other patient-, disease- and HCT-related factors were not statistically significantly associated with these clinical outcomes. The outcomes of patients with haplo donors (n=21) were also estimated at 3 years and estimates of OS were 56% (95% CI 38% - 82%), RFS 42% (95% CI 26% - 70%), GRFS 37% (21% - 66%), cumulative incidence of relapse 43% (95% CI 21% - 66%), NRM 14% (95% CI 1% - 30%), chronic GVHD 21% (95% CI 2% - 40%). No patients developed grade 3-4 acute GVHD. While the sample size is limited, comparison of K-M estimates for RFS and relapse with haplo donor (n=21) and matched related/unrelated donor (n=12), is shown in Figure 1. CONCLUSIONS: We report, for the first time, clinical outcomes of BMT for MDS/MPN with the PTCy based GVHD platform, and outcomes appear comparable with those previously described in other retrospective studies using conventional approach. Although limited by sample size for a statistical analysis, the outcomes with haplo donor BMT appear promising. The relatively high incidence of relapse in these patients appears to be the major factor contributing adversely to outcomes, while NRM and GVHD incidence with our non-myeloablative conditioning PTCy platform are low. We are currently exploring strategies to decrease relapse rates to further improve BMT outcomes in these patients. Disclosures Levis: Amgen: Honoraria; FujiFilm: Honoraria, Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Honoraria; Menarini: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria, Research Funding. DeZern:MEI: Consultancy; Astex: Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Gojo:BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Amphivena: Research Funding. Jain:Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; CareDx: Other: Advisory Board; Bristol Myer Squibb: Other: for advisory board participation.

scholarly journals From Ex-Vivo T-Cell Depletion to Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide: Improved GvHD-Free & Relapse-Free Survival but Comparable Chronic GvHD Incidence in Haploidentical Transplantation. A 15 Years EBMT Registry Analysis on Behalf of the TCWP-EBMT

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 876-876
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Lupo-Stanghellini ◽  
Christophe Peczynski ◽  
Hildegard T. Greinix ◽  
Emmanuelle Polge ◽  
Mohamad Mohty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Patient Gender ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Grade 3

Background: Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo HSCT) has emerged in the past three decades as an alternative curative option when an HLA match donor is not available. Over time, the use of Haplo has increased dramatically, reaching superimposable results when compared to unrelated and related HSCT strategies, confirming its validity. The widespread use of Haplo mainly relies upon technical advances, control of alloreactivity through graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis combined with a rapid and almost universal probability to find an Haplo donor for any candidate patient. The aim of our study was to provide a picture of acute (aGvHD) and chronic GvHD (cGvHD) incidence in Haplo HSCT across different platform in the past 15 years, where Haplo moved from ex-vivo T-cell depleted (TCD) platform to in-vivo TCD platform to the post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy). Methods: We compared the outcomes of adult patients receiving a 1st Haplo HSCT for any hematological malignancy according to GvHD prophylaxis - ex-vivo + in-vivo TCD (n=160), in-vivo only TCD (n=507) or PTCy (n=2593) - and reported to the EBMT registry in 2004-2016. Patients with missing data on disease status at last follow-up and GvHD information were excluded. Primary endpoint was GvHD-free & Relapse-free survival (GRFS) with events defined by death or relapse or grade ≥3 aGvHD or extensive (ext) cGvHD. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), aGvHD and cGvHD, incidence of relapse (IR) and non-relapse-mortality (NRM). Due to sample size in the first cohort of ex-vivo TCD, multivariate analysis compared only in-vivo TCD vs PTCy cohorts. Table 1 illustrates patients' characteristics. Results: Univariate analysis for 3-year outcomes are reported on table 2. PTCy provides better GRFS, OS, PFS, NRM versus ex-vivo or in-vivo. IR was not significantly different. Likewise, the 3-year CI of cGvHD and ext cGvHD were similar between PTCy, in vivo TCD and ex-vivo TCD (cGvHD 27% [25-29%], 25% [21-29%], 18% [12-25%], p 0.03; ext cGvHD 11% [10-12%], 10% [8-13%], 8% [4-13%], p 0.45). On the contrary the 100-day CI of grade ≥2 aGvHD were lower in the ex-vivo TCD vs PTCy and in-vivo TCD (19% [14-26%], 28% [26-30%], 32% [28-36%], p 0.002) while grade ≥3 aGvHD were lower in the PTCy group vs ex-vivo and in-vivo TCD (9% [8-10%], 11% [7-17%], 14% [11-18%], p <0.001). After adjustment for diagnosis, patient age, disease status, Karnofsky PS, donor/patient gender and CMV, cell source, conditioning intensity, previous auto and year of transplant, the multivariable model comparing in-vivo TCD and PTCy showed better outcome for PTCy. Compared to in-vivo TCD, the hazards for GRFS was 0.76 for PTCy (p 0.004), the HR for PFS was 0.71 (p 0.001) and the HR for OS was 0.7 (p 0.0008), the HR for NRM was 0.63 (p 0.001). Moreover, compared to in-vivo TCD, PTCy yielded similar hazards for grade≥2 aGvHD (HR: 1.02, p 0.89), grade≥3 aGvHD (HR 0.79, p 0.27), cGvHD (HR 1.17, p 0.37), ext cGvHD (HR 1.18, p 0.52) and relapse (HR 0.8, p 0.1). Variables associated with GRFS were active disease, Karnofsky PS ≥90%, diagnosis, donor/patient gender and CMV. An ancillary analysis evaluating the stem cell source effect in the PTCy cohort only, demonstrates comparable outcome endpoints (OS, PFS, NRM, IR) at 2-year between bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) PTCy. In univariate analysis GRFS and the 2-year CI of cGvHD were not different between BM and PB (GRFS 47% [45-50%], 46% [44-49%], p 0.085; 2-year CI of cGvHD 25% [23-28%], 27% [25-30%], p 0.2) while ext cGvHD, 100-day CI of grade ≥2 aGvHD and grade ≥3 aGvHD were lower in BM PTCy vs PB PTCy (ext cGvHD 8% [7-10%], 12% [10-14%], p <0.001; grade ≥2 aGvHD 20% [18-22%], 36% [33-38%], p <0.001; grade ≥3 aGvHD 6% [5-7%], 12% [10-14%], p <0.001). Compared to BM PTCy, the HR for cGvHD was 1.55 for PB PTCy (p 0.001), the HR for ext cGvHD was 2.04 (p 0.0003), the HR for grade ≥2 aGvHD was 1,94 (p <0.0001), the HR for grade ≥3 aGvHD was 2.01 (p 0.0001). Conclusions: In the present EBMT registry study on more than 3000 patients transplanted from an Haplo donor, we report improved outcome (better GRFS - in spite of comparable chronic GvHD - OS and PFS, lower NRM) and widespread use in different diagnosis setting other than acute leukemia in PTCy platform. PTCy strategy provides a concrete progress into the field: even if cGvHD still represent a major issue, exploitation of BM PTCy seems to protect against most severe GvHD manifestation. Disclosures Mohty: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding. Kröger:Sanofi-Aventis: Honoraria; Riemser: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Neovii: Honoraria, Research Funding; Medac: Honoraria; JAZZ: Honoraria; DKMS: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding. Basak:Celgene: Honoraria; Teva: Honoraria.

scholarly journals A Phase II Study of Ruxolitinib Pre-, during- and Post-Hematopoietic Celltransplantation for Patients with Primary or Secondary Myelofibrosis

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
Gabriela Hobbs ◽  
Haesook T. Kim ◽  
AJ S. Bottoms ◽  
Michael T. Byrne ◽  
Mark A. Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Neutrophil Engraftment

Abstract Background: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a lethal hematological malignancy associated with somatic mutations in JAK2, CALR or MPL. Ruxolitinib is the first JAK1/2 inhibitor approved for treatment of MF. Ruxolitinib does not prevent disease progression and thus, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the recommended therapy for eligible patients treated with curative intent. Ruxolitinib discontinuation, in preparation for HSCT is challenging as patients experience return of symptoms/splenomegaly. Therefore, ruxolitinib is often continued during and after HSCT in an off-label fashion, yet little is known about the safety of this approach. In addition, ruxolitinib is now utilized to treat steroid refractory acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) irrespective of underlying disease. Methods: This is a phase II, multi-center, investigator-initiated trial investigating ruxolitinib given pre-, during- and post-HSCT for patients with primary or secondary MF (NCT03427866). The study utilizes ruxolitinib during and after HSCT in MF patients for one year after HSCT. The accrual goal is 48 patients with 1-year GVHD free and relapse free survival (GRFS) as the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include overall and progression free survival, engraftment and incidence of acute and chronic GVHD, respectively. Patients are treated with reduced intensity conditioning with fludarabine (30mg/m 2/day x 5 days) and melphalan (100mg/m 2 or 140mg/m 2 x 1). HSCT grafts are with 7/8 or 8/8 HLA-matched peripheral blood stem cells with tacrolimus and methotrexate as standard GVHD prophylaxis. Results: This pre-planned interim analysis includes 26 MF patients who underwent HSCT between September 2018 and January 2021. An interim analysis was included in the trial design to ensure safety of this approach midway through accrual. Median age was 66 (range, 46-75) and 65% were male. 88% had 8/8 matched related grafts, and 92% had intermediate-2 or high DIPSS risk at the time of transplant. 14 (54%) patients were previously treated with ruxolitinib. At HSCT, 58% had JAK2, 12% CALR, 12% MPL, and 35% ASXL1 mutations (Figure A). There were no unexpected toxicities related to ruxolitinib therapy. The most common grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events (AE) were anemia (n=4), thrombocytopenia (n=3). There were few observed grade 3/4 non hematologic AEs and included infection (n=2) and hypertriglyceridemia (n=1). Median time to neutrophil engraftment was 15 days (range 11-38) after HSCT. All but one patient achieved successful neutrophil engraftment. Median day 30 donor all cell chimerism was 100% (range 95-100). Clinical outcomes are summarized in Figure B. With median follow-up among survivors of 12 months (range 3-24), 1-yr GRFS was 65%. OS, PFS, and cumulative incidence of NRM and disease relapse were 77%, 71%, 13% and 17%, respectively (Figure C). There was no grade IV acute GVHD and only one case of grade III acute GVHD. Cumulative incidence of all chronic GVHD and moderate-severe chronic GVHD was 14% and 5%, respectively. There was no severe chronic GVHD and only one patient developed moderate chronic GVHD. As part of the study, next generation sequencing (NGS) was obtained pre- and 100 days post-HSCT. 14 patients have paired samples, including 6 with ASXL1 mutations. All but one patient, who remains in remission at last follow up, no longer had mutations detected by NGS at day 100 (Figure D). Ongoing studies will assess for the presence of low-level mutation not detectable by clinical NGS testing. Discussion: The interim results of our multicenter study demonstrate safety of ruxolitinib administration pre, during and post-HCT with very favorable engraftment rates and no unexpected toxicities of ruxolitinib use. In addition, we demonstrate superior PFS, OS and GRFS compared to historical observations. Incidence of severe acute and chronic GVHD are thus far minimal, indicating excellent GVHD control with prophylactic and continued ruxolitinib use. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Hobbs: Bayer: Research Funding; Incyte Corporation: Research Funding; Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; AbbVie.: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Constellation Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding. Byrne: Karyopharm: Research Funding. Defilipp: Incyte Corp.: Research Funding; Regimmune Corp.: Research Funding; Omeros, Corp.: Consultancy; Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy. Chen: Gamida: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy. OffLabel Disclosure: Will describe the use of ruxolitinib in the ongoing clinical trial.

scholarly journals Low Incidence of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Using Matched Related or Unrelated Donors: Phase II Study Interim Analysis

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1811-1811
Author(s):  
Najla H El Jurdi ◽  
Daniel O'Leary ◽  
Fiona He ◽  
Todd E. DeFor ◽  
Armin Rashidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Preparative Regimen

Abstract Introduction Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only potentially curative treatment for many high-risk hematologic malignancies. Myeloablative conditioning is currently the standard of care for young and fit patients; however, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continues to be a major limitation to the success of HCT, increasing post-transplant morbidity and mortality. An ideal HCT is one combining strategies that reduce incidence and severity of GVHD, without compromising graft-versus-tumor effect. We hypothesized that GVHD prophylaxis regimen consisting of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus (Tac) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) will reduce the incidence of chronic GVHD in patients receiving a standard hematopoietic myeloablative HCT without an increase in risk of malignant relapse. Methods This is an interim analysis of a phase II study using a myeloablative preparative regimen of either: 1. total body irradiation (TBI, total dose 1320 cGy administered twice a day from days -4 to -1) or 2. Busulfan 3.2mg/kg daily (cumulative AUC 19,000 - 21,000 µmol/min/L) plus fludarabine 160mg/m 2 days -5 to -2 for patients unable to receive further radiation, followed by a GVHD prophylaxis regimen of PTCy (50mg/kg days +3 and +4), Tac and MMF (beginning day +5). The primary endpoint is cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD requiring systemic immunosuppressive treatment at 1 year post-transplant. Patient and disease characteristics are detailed in Table 1. Eligibility included: age ≤ 60 years, malignant or non-malignant diagnosis, matched related (MRD) or unrelated (MUD) donor with either a bone marrow (BM) or filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood (PB) graft. Results Through October 2020 we treated 63 patients with a median follow up of 502 days post-transplant. Of those, 48% were female and n=11 (17%) younger than 18 with median age at HCT of 36 years (range, 2-55; Interquartile range [IQR], 20-48). Donor source was 8/8 MRD in 44 patients (70%), 8/8 MUD in 18 (29%), and one with 7/8 MUD. Graft source was BM in n=28 (44%) and PB in n=35 (56%). Preparative regimen was TBI in 94% of patients. All patients achieved primary neutrophil engraftment by 42 days, median 16 days (range, 13-27). Overall, 94% achieved platelet engraftment by 6 months, median 25 days (range, 16-98). At day 100, 48 patients (86%) achieved full donor bone marrow chimerism (>95% donor DNA); 29 (52%) and 52 (95%) achieved full donor peripheral blood CD3 and CD33 chimerism (defined as >95% donor). 42 patients (66%) required total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for oral mucositis and regimen-related toxicities during their initial transplant admission. Cumulative incidence of Grade II-IV acute GVHD by 100 days post-transplant was 14% overall (95% confidence interval CI: 6-23%), 7% for MRD and 32% for the MUD group; Grade III-IV acute GVHD was 5% overall (CI: 0-10%), similar for both MRD and MUD group. At 1 year, only two patients receiving a PBSC graft developed chronic GVHD requiring immune suppression, for a cumulative incidence of 3% overall, one in the MRD group and one in the MUD group. Two-year cumulative incidence of relapse was estimated at 21% overall, 22% and 16% for the MRD and MUD groups, respectively. Two year cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality was 13% overall, 15% and 5% for MRD and MUD, respectively. Estimated 2-year overall survival was 79% overall (CI: 65-88%), 75% for the MRD group and 95% for MUD. Estimated 2-year GVHD-free relapse free survival (GRFS) was 57% overall (CI: 42-69%), 56% and 63% in the MRD and MUD groups, respectively. Discussion Myeloablative transplantation with a TBI preparative regimen, followed by a GVHD prophylaxis regimen of PTCy, Tac, and MMF results in very low incidence of chronic GVHD. Importantly, this regimen is feasible and effective for pediatric and adult patients. Further improvement in outcomes can be achieved by incorporating post-transplant relapse mitigating strategies as well as supportive care measures to decrease regimen-related toxicities. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Arora: Kadmom: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Syndax: Research Funding. Janakiram: Bristol Meyer Squibb, Kyowa Kirin, ADCT Therapeutics: Honoraria; FATE, Nektar Therapeutics: Research Funding. Smith: Astellas Gene Therapies: Current Employment. Bachanova: Incyte: Research Funding; KaryoPharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; FATE: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Gamida Cell: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Brunstein: BlueRock: Research Funding; AlloVir: Consultancy; FATE: Research Funding; NANT: Research Funding; GamidaCell: Research Funding. MacMillan: Equilium: Other: DSMB member; Incyte: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Miller: Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Magenta: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ONK Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Vycellix: Consultancy; GT Biopharma: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Fate Therapeutics, Inc: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Wugen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Betts: Patent Disclosures: Patents & Royalties: B.C.B. holds a patent (WO2015120436A2) related to CD4+ T cell pSTAT3 as a marker and therapeutic target of acute GVHD. B.C.B. additionally holds a provisional patent (WO2017058950A1) related to the use of JAK inhibitors for rejection and GVHD prevention. . Vercellotti: Mitobridge, an Astellas Company: Consultancy, Research Funding; CSL Behring: Research Funding. Weisdorf: Fate Therapeutics: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding. Holtan: Generon: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding.

scholarly journals Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide and Sirolimus in Matched Related and Unrelated Allogeneic Transplant with a Treosulfan-Based Conditioning

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4662-4662
Author(s):  
Jacopo Peccatori ◽  
Serena Albanese ◽  
Raffaella Greco ◽  
Francesca Lorentino ◽  
Fabio Giglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Allogeneic Hsct ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis

Abstract Introduction: Post transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) has recently emerged as a very promising pharmacological strategy to overcome human leukocyte antigen (HLA) barriers in the setting of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). We recently reported a promising preliminary experience on the use of PT-Cy and sirolimus as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in matched allo-HSCT (Greco R et al, Blood 2016). Herein we describe long-term outcomes of matched allogeneic HSCT, using treosulfan-based conditioning, and GVHD prophylaxis with PT-Cy and sirolimus. Methods: In our center, we collected 104 adult patients (pts) receiving matched HSCT for high-risk hematological malignancies, mainly acute myeloid leukemia (n=43). Donor was matched related (MRD) for 45 pts, 10/10 matched unrelated (MUD) for 39 pts and 9/10 MUD for 20 pts. Median age was 48 years (range 19-78). At HSCT, 51% of patients were not in complete remission (CR), 39% were in CR1 and 11% in subsequent CR. Graft source was mainly PBSCs (95%). All pts received a conditioning regimen based on treosulfan and fludarabine; 89% received an intensified conditioning with the addition of melphalan. All pts received PT-Cy (50 mg/kg/day) on days 3 and 4. Sirolimus was given from day 5, and withdrawn 3 months after HSCT. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was added from day 5 to day 30, only in MUD. All patients were treated according to current institutional programs upon written informed consent for transplant procedures. Results: Median follow up was over 16 months (range 3-51). Median CD34+ and CD3+ cell doses were 5.6x10^6/Kg (range, 1.5-10.9) and 2.0x10^8/Kg (range, 0.2-8.0), respectively. All the recipients of allo-HSCT experienced a sustained donor cell engraftment. The cumulative incidence of grades II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD at 100 days was 21% and 9%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 25% at 2 years; we observed severe chronic GVHD only in 4% of pts. The cumulative incidences of relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were 33% and 8% at 2 years, respectively. Two-year overall survival (OS) was 67% and progression free survival (PFS) 59%. The composite end point of GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 52% at 2 years, in which events include grade 3-4 acute GVHD, systemic therapy-requiring chronic GVHD, relapse, or death. There was a longer OS, 2-year OS was 77% (p = 0.05), and a trend towards higher PFS and GRFS, 63% (p=0.07) and 58% (p=0.06) respectively, for pts with CR status at HSCT. We did not found a significant effect of HLA-matching (9/10 versus 10/10) or donor type (related versus unrelated) on major transplant outcomes (NRM, PFS, GRFS, relapse, acute and chronic GvHD). Conclusion: These outcomes confirmed that matched allogeneic HSCT using treosulfan-based chemotherapy, PT-Cy and sirolimus, is associated with low NRM and acceptable severe GVHD, providing relevant long-term survival in high-risk diseases. A randomized trial comparing this strategy with other kind of in-vivo T-cell depletion (i.e. ATG) is warranted. Disclosures Vago: Moderna TX: Research Funding; GENDX: Research Funding.

Reduced Toxicity Conditioning With Fludarabine, BCNU, Melphalan and Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Followed By Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant For Patients With Primary and Post ET/PV Myelofibrosis: Single Center Experience At Mayo Clinic Arizona

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 2835-2835
Author(s):  
Veena Fauble ◽  
Ruben A. Mesa ◽  
Pierre Noel ◽  
Roberta Adams ◽  
Yu-hui Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

Abstract Introduction Myelofibrosis (MF), both primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and post essential thrombocytosis/polycythemia vera myelofibrosis (post ET/PV-MF), are chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms that are incurable with standard medical therapy. The only potential curative therapeutic modality remains allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT), but the optimum conditioning regimen has yet to be defined and may vary due to pre-ASCT factors such as age, donor source, and comorbidities. In the past, traditional myeloablative (MA) regimens have proven toxic. Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens have generally become the accepted standard of care for patients with PMF or Post PV/ET MF in need of ASCT, but with the potential for increase in relapse especially for high risk disease. The optimal conditioning regimen has yet to be defined. The regimen of Fludarabine, BCNU, and melphalan (FBM) is considered a reduced toxicity regimen that may afford the benefit of reduction in relapse without increase in toxicity and may “bridge the gap” between MA and RIC especially in older patients. Patients with MF have high inflammatory cytokine levels which may act as mediators of MF symptom burden and may further aggravate mediators of acute GVHD, which is one of the most frequent and severe complications of ASCT. Selection of conditioning regimen and GVHD prophylaxis are keys to MF transplant outcomes. We report here the results of 16 patients who received conditioning with FBM with rATG (FBM-A) with PMF and post PV/ET MF. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all patients from October 2009 to November 2012 with PMF or post ET/PV-MF who underwent an ASCT with FBM-A. Patient demographic and transplant data were analyzed from a comprehensive database. The use of such data for reporting purpose was approved by the Mayo Clinic Arizona Institutional Review Board. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier. Results There were 16 patients analyzed who had PMF or post PV/ET MF or overlap syndromes. The median follow-up of surviving patients is 20.4 months (range 8 months – 46 months). The median age was 60 (range 47-68 yrs) with 56% of patients being ≥ 60yrs. There were 8 males and 8 females. The JAK2 V617F mutation was present in 64% of patients. 86% were high risk according to the DIPSS system with 14% being intermediate-2 risk. None of the patients underwent splenectomy prior to transplant. The median HCT-CI score was 1.5 with 6 (38%) of the patients having an HCT-CMI ≥3. Donors were related in 10 patients (8 matched, 2 mismatched at 1 antigen) and unrelated in 6 (matched, n=3, 1-antigen mismatch, n=3). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus, MMF, and ATG 2.5 – 5.0 mg/kg. The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD grades III-IV was 15.3% at 6 months, and the cumulative incidence of NIH-defined moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD was 25% at 2 years. No patient has relapsed, and no patient has developed graft failure. There have been 4 deaths, 3 from GVHD, and 1 from infection. Among the 3 patients who died from GVHD, all were unrelated donor transplants, and 2 were mismatched unrelated transplants. The 2-year Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall survival (OS) is 72% (95% CI, 45 – 91%). The cumulative incidence of TRM was 12.6% (95% CI 3.9%-34%) at 1 year. Conclusion The reduced-toxicity regimen of FBM-A in PMF, Post ET/PV MF and overlap syndromes appear to provide the benefit of an ablative regimen with the tolerance of a RIC. The 2-year overall survival of 72% in our series is encouraging in an older population of predominantly high-risk patients. Treatment failure was related predominately to GVHD, which continues to be a significant obstacle to better long-term outcomes, especially in unrelated and mismatched patients. Reduced toxicity ASCT conditioning regimens in the setting of MF warrant further investigation. Disclosures: Reeder: Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Influence of Age on Risk for Acute and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease in Children Receiving HLA Identical Sibling Bone Marrow Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2228-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Qayed ◽  
John Horan ◽  
Stephen R. Spellman ◽  
Mukta Arora ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Incidence Estimate ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Recipient Age ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: In adult HLA matched sibling donor (MSD) hematopoietic cell transplantation, both recipient and donor age have been shown to be a risk factors for graft versus host disease (GVHD). While it is widely recognized that pediatric patients are at lower risk for GVHD than adults, the importance of age within the pediatric age group in MSD transplantation has not been examined. We, therefore, assessed the impact of age on GVHD risk after MSD bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 477 pediatric patients with acute leukemia. Methods: This is a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry study. Patients younger than 18 years with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 1st or 2nd complete remission (CR), who received myeloablative conditioining, T cell-replete HLA MSD BMT and calcineurin inhibitor based GVHD prophylaxis between 2000-2013 were included. Patients who received a lymphocyte depleting antibody were excluded. Because donor and recipient ages were highly correlated, their effects could not be independently assessed. We, therefore, assessed only recipient age. Results: The transplants were drawn from 101 centers. The median age of the recipients was 10.1 years. 21% had ALL in 1st CR, 24% ALL in 2nd CR, 47% AML in 1st CR and 8% AML in 2nd CR. 73% received cyclosporine and Methotrexate for GVHD prophylaxis. In a preliminary model, using grade 3-4 acute GVHD as the endpoint, we identified two cut points, 2 years and 13 years using the likelihood ratio test. In all final models, three age groups were used to define recipient age: < 2 years (n=60), 2 to 12.99 (n=255) years and 13-17.99 years (n=162). The cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 acute GVHD at 100 days post-transplant was 19% (95% confidence interval, CI, 16-23%); 24% (95% CI 14-35%), 13% (95% CI 9-18%) and 28% (95% CI 21-35%) for recipients <2 years, 2-12.99 years, and 13-17.99 years of age, respectively (p-value=0.001). For grade 3-4 acute GVHD, the cumulative incidence estimate at 100 days was 8% (95% CI 3-17%), 3% (95% CI 1-6%) and 14% (95% CI 9-20%) (p <0.001) and the cumulative incidence estimate for chronic GVHD at 1 year was 15% (95% CI 7-25%), 10% (95% CI 7-14%) and 27% (95% CI 20-34%) (p <0.001) for recipients <2 years, 2-12.99 years, and 13-17.99 years of age, respectively (Figures 1-3). In the multivariate analyses, using age 13-17.99 as the baseline and .01 as the threshold for significance, age 2-12.99 years (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.26-0.71, p=0.001), but not age < 2 years (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.3-1.18, p=0.14), was associated with a lower risk for grade 2-4 acute GVHD (after adjustment for GVHD prophylaxis, performance score and year of transplant). For grade 3-4 acute GVHD, again age 2-12.99 years (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.1-0.56, p=0.001), but not age < 2 years (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.29-1.94, p=0.55), was associated with a lower risk, after adjustment for year of transplant. For chronic GVHD (after adjustment for donor-recipient birth order, and GVHD prophylaxis), age 2-12.99 years (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19-0.54, p<0.001) was associated with lower risk; the effect was similar in age < 2 years, but did not reach significance (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16-0.82, p=0.016). Year of transplant had a strong effect on acute, but not chronic GVHD. Its effect did not appear to be mediated by changes in GVHD prophylaxis. Using 2000-2004 as the baseline, the HR for grade 2-4 acute GVHD was 0.38 (95% CI 0.20-0.64, p=0.0006) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.13-0.59, p=0.0008) for 2005-2008 and 2009-2013, respectively. For grade 3-4 acute GVHD, they were 0.23 (95% CI 0.08-0.65, p=0.0057) and 0.23 (95% CI 0.07-0.78, p=0.0183) for these periods, respectively. There was no difference in overall survival, leukemia-free survival or transplant related mortality between the age groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that children 2-12.99 years have a lower risk for acute and chronic GVHD than those 13 years and older. Children less than 2 years may also have a reduced risk for chronic GVHD, but this possibility needs to be re-examined in a larger sample. It is plausible that pubertal changes underlie the rise in risk for GVHD during adolescence. An important limitation of our study was that we were unable to examine the impact of donor age because of the strong correlation between donor and recipient age. A study with a larger sample is also needed to further investigate this matter. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Figure 3 Figure 3. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A Composite Event-Free Survival End Point to Evaluate Outcome after Allogeneic Transplantation for Severe Aplastic Anemia: A Study on Behalf of the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2674-2674
Author(s):  
Raynier Devillier ◽  
Hélène Labussière-Wallet ◽  
Laurence Clément ◽  
Ibrahim Yakoubagha ◽  
Jacques-Olivier Bay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Graft Failure ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Allogeneic Transplantation ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background: Optimization of transplantation modalities (Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, conditioning regimens, high level HLA typing and supportive care) has improved overall survival (OS) of patients (pts) with idiopathic severe aplastic anemia (SAA) undergoing matched related (MRD) or 10/10 unrelated donor (MUD) allogeneic transplantation (HSCT). OS is nowadays of more than 80% and thus may not be sufficient anymore to accurately assess outcome. New composite endpoints including surrogate markers of quality of life, such as GVHD, may fit better our current practice. GVHD and relapse free survival (GRFS) have recently been reported in the context of hematological malignancies, as a surrogate marker of quality of survival (Holtan et al. blood 2014). However, this end point was not evaluated in the setting of SAA, with no need of GVT effect, but more concern regarding engraftment. Thus, we adapted from Holtan et al. a composite GRFS with the aim to provide more accurate evaluation of outcome after HSCT for SAA. Methods: We analyzed adult pts undergoing first HSCT for SAA from a MRD or 10/10 MUD between 2004 and 2013 (Clinical data obtained throughProMISe [Project Manager Internet Server], an internet-based system shared by SFGM-TC centers). Informed consent was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Relevant events for GRFS were death, graft failure/loss, grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD and severe chronic GVHD, according to which one occurred first. We analyzed GRFS according to donor type. Moreover, prediction by dynamiclandmarkingwas used for continual reassessment of GRFS within the next 2 years following subsequent landmark times from 0 to 3 years after HSCT. Results: 188 pts (MRD, n=142; MUD n=46) with a median age of 30 years (18-67) were analyzed. After a median follow-up of 52 months (3-159), 2-year GRFS were 75% and 54% in pts receiving MRD and MUD HSCT, respectively (p=0.006, Figure 1A). In Causes of GRFS failure in MRD vs. MUD were grade 3-4 acute GVHD (5% vs 20%, p=0.002), extensive chronic GVHD (3% vs 4%, p=0.902), graft failure/loss (10% vs 4%, p=0.236) and death before the previous events (7% vs 18%, p=0.057). The use of peripheral blood graft (PBSC) was associated with lower 2-GRFS compared to bone marrow (51% vs 74%, p=0.004). Multivariate Cox model showed that MUD (p<0.001), age (continuous variable, p=0.001) were associated with worse GRFS, with a significant interaction between these both variables (interaction p-value: 0.008, Figure 1B). PBSC as graft source (p=0.096) and positive donor and/or recipient CMVsero-status (p=0.095) tended to decrease GRFS. Although the pts in the MUD group initially have worse overall GRFS, prediction by dynamiclandmarkingshowed that after 6 months post HSCT, they recovered the same GRFS as those transplanted with MRD. Indeed, the probabilities to stay event-free within 2 years following the 6-month landmark time was 89% and 86% in the MRD and MUD groups, respectively (Figure 2). Conclusion: GRFS after MRD HSCT is very good, with 75% of pts who did not present any events, supporting upfront HSCT for young patients with available MRD. In contrast, the higher incidence of acute GVHD (20% vs. 5%) after MUD significantly decreased GRFS compared to MRD. However, MUD pts surviving the early 6 months without may reach similar GRFS than pts transplanted with MRD. Taken together, these results suggest that although overall GRFS is good with low incidence of late events, early events such as acute GVHD remains a major cause of GRFS failure. This supports that the early post HSCT period remains a critical phase for the future good quality survival, underlining the importance of graft source choice as well as the need of GVHD prophylaxis improvement. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures Peffault de Latour: Amgen: Research Funding; Alexion: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.

scholarly journals Addition of Mycophenolate Mofetil to Methotrexate and Tacrolimus Does Not Improve Gvhd Outcomes in Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 3144-3144
Author(s):  
Se young Han ◽  
Pavan Kumar Bhamidipati ◽  
Khoan Vu ◽  
John F Dipersio ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Event ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Reduced Intensity

Abstract Introduction: The introduction of reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens, associated with less NRM, has significantly broadened transplant eligibility to older patients. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continues to be a major problem, even with RIC allo-HCTs. At our institution, we have been routinely adding mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to the standard methotrexate (MTX) plus Tacrolimus combination in the majority of RIC allo-HCT recipients from unrelated donors. However, there is a paucity of data on whether this approach further decreases GVHD rates without increasing NRM and risk of relapse. To answer these questions, we retrospectively analyzed data from 177 patients who received MMF, MTX and Tacrolimus (MMF + Tac/MTX) as part of their GVHD prophylaxis and compared their outcomes to those of 117 patients who received MTX and Tacrolimus alone (Tac/MTX). Patients and methods: The study included a total of 294 consecutive patients who underwent RIC allo-HCT at Washington University Medical Center between January 2006 and December 2013. The data was analyzed for patients who received GVHD prophylaxis with either tacrolimus/methotrexate (Tac/MTX) or tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil/methotrexate (MMF+Tac/MTX). Cumulative incidence of relapse was estimated treating death in remission as competing risk event. Cumulative incidence of NRM was calculated considering death in relapse as competing risk event. Univariate analysis was performed to evaluate variables, and multivariate Cox models with a backward selection procedure were done to assess whether GVHD prophylaxis was an independent predictor after adjusting other factors significant in the univariate analysis. All analyses were two-sided, and significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using library cmprsk in statistical package R for competing risk analysis and SAS 9.4 (SAS Institutes, Cary, NC) for all other analyses. Results: 177 patients (60.2%) received MMF+Tac/MTX whereas 117 patients (39.8%) received Tac/MTX. Median age was 61 years in the MMF+Tac/MTX group and 58 years in the Tac/MTX group, and the most common diagnosis was AML(31%) followed by NHL (26%) and MDS (19%) in the MMF+Tac/MTX group vs. AML (45%) followed by MDS (14%) and NHL (13%) in the Tac/MTX group. There were more transplants from unrelated and mismatched donors, higher intermediate ASMBT RFI risk group patients and more frequent use of conditioning with Flu/Bu/Thymo regimen in the MMF+Tac/MTX cohort. In particular 160 (90.4%) patients in MMF+Tac/MTX group received thymoglobulin as part of their conditioning, compared to 64 (54.7%) patients in the Tac/MTX group (p < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD at day 100 was 31.0% in the MMF+Tac/MTX group vs. 36.2% in the Tac/MTX group (p=0.191) while as grade 3-4 aGVHD at day 100 and 1 year were 16.8% and 25.9% in the Tac/MTX group compared to 8.0% and 12.4% in the MMF+Tac/MTX group, respectively (p=0.010). However, after adjusting for the thymoglobin use there was no significant difference in the incidence of grade 3-4 aGVHD in these two groups (p=0.129). To eliminate the confounding effect of thymoglobulin, we performed a subgroup analysis of patients without thymoglobulin. Given the small number of samples (n=17 in MMF+Tac/MTX and n=53 in Tac/MTX), propensity score matching was used and the results again showed no significant difference in severe aGVHD between two groups (p=0.219). The incidence of cGVHD at 1 year was 15.3% and 21.6% in MMF+Tac/MTX and Tac/MTX, respectively (p=0.645). Although patients in the MMF+Tac/MTX group had more unfavorable disease risk, the cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years was not significantly different: 40.8% in the MMF+Tac/MTX group and 39.8% in the Tac/MTX group (p=0.941). 5-year OS was 33.7% in the MMF+Tac/MTX group, compared to 35.1% in the Tac/MTX group (p=0.769). Conclusion: Here we report transplant outcomes of RIC allo-HCT patients who received MMF in addition to Tac/MTX for GVHD prophylaxis. Interestingly we did not see any increase in NRM or relapse rates with additional immune-suppression from adding MMF in these patients. However, addition of MMF to the Tac/MTX regimen did not result in any significant improvement in acute or chronic GVHD outcomes in our patients. Based on these results we do not recommend adding MMF to Tac/MTX regimen for GVHD prophylaxis in RIC allo-HCT patients. Disclosures Uy: Novartis: Research Funding. Schroeder:Incyte: Consultancy; Celgene: Other: Azacitidine provided for this trial by Celgene. Abboud:Pfizer: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Research Funding; Teva Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Gerson Lehman Group: Consultancy. Cashen:Celgene: Speakers Bureau.

scholarly journals Shortened Immunosuppression Following Peripheral Blood (PB) Haploidentical (haplo) Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) Is Associated with Tolerable Rates of Graft-Vs-Host Disease (GVHD)

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 3320-3320
Author(s):  
Amy E. DeZern ◽  
Marianna Zahurak ◽  
Javier Bolanos-Meade ◽  
Richard J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Graft Failure ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Stopping Rules ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Grade 3

With PTCy as GVHD prophylaxis, nonmyeloablative (NMA) HLA- haplo and HLA-matched blood or marrow (BMT) have comparable outcomes. Previous reports showed that discontinuation of immunosuppression (IST) as early as day 60 after infusion of bone marrow (BM) haplo allograft with PTCy is feasible. However, there are certain diseases in which PB may be favored over BM grafts to augment engraftment rates; however, given the higher rates of GVHD with PB, excessive GVHD becomes a concern with early discontinuation of IST. We present a completed, prospective single-center trial of stopping IST at days 90 and 60 after NMA haplo PB. (NCT02556931) From 12/2015-7/2018, 117 evaluable patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies associated with higher rates of graft failure with PTCy (MDS, MPN, overlap syndromes, 2o AML, AML with MRD, MM, and CLL) received NMA PB allografts on trial. Haplo donors were preferred, but in patients lacking suitable haplo relatives, unrelated donors were employed with 6 in each IST cohort. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of reduced‐duration IST (from Day 5 through Day 90 in cohort 1 and through Day 60 in cohort 2.) Transplant inclusion criteria were standard and the conditioning included Cy (14.5 mg/kg IV D -6 and -5), fludarabine (D -6 to -2), TBI (200 cGy D -1) and T-cell replete PB. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of high-dose PTCy (50 mg/kg IV D 3 and 4), mycophenolate mofetil (D 5-35) and IST (tacrolimus/sirolimus) from D 5 forward. Priot to transplantation, pts were assigned to stop IST early if eligible, as defined by having ≥ 5% donor T cells at ~D 56 onward, no relapse, and no grade 2-4 acute or significant chronic GVHD. If ineligible to discontinue IST early, it continued through D 180. Monitoring rules declared reduced IST feasible if ≥ 33% of pts stopped IST early as planned. Safety stopping rules for early IST cessation were based on ≥ 5% graft failure, ≥ 5% NRM, ≥ 50% relapse, and ≥ 10% combined grade 3-4 acute GVHD and severe chronic GVHD, measured from the IST stop date to ~D 180. Historical data from 55 haplo transplants for MDS, CLL, and MPNs at our center using the same regimen and PB grafts informed safety calculations. Of the 117 pts (median age 64 years, range 24-78), the most common diagnoses were MDS (33%), AML (with MRD or arising from antecedent disorder) (31%), MPNs (21%) myeloma (10%), and CLL (6%). By refined Disease Risk Index, 13% were low risk, 69% intermediate and 18% high. Shortened IST was feasible in 75 pts (64%) overall. Ineligibility for shortened IST was due most commonly to GVHD (17 pts), followed by early relapse (11 pts), NRM (7 pts), patient/ physician preference (4 pts) or graft failure (3 pts). Of the 57 patients in the D90 cohort (median follow up 35 mos), 33 (58%) stopped IST early as planned. Of the 60 patients in the D60 cohort (median follow up 20 mos), 42 (70%) stopped IST early as planned. The graft failure rate was 2.6%. NRM was very similar in the two arms, 12% at both 12 and 18 months in the D90 cohort and 10% and 13% at 12 and 18 months in the D60 cohort. Relapse in D90 cohort is 40% at 18 months compared to 33% at 18 months in the D60 cohort. Figure 1 shows cumulative incidence (CI) of acute grade 2-4 and grade 3-4 GVHD. Although the CI of grade 1-2 GVHD may be slightly higher in day 60 cohort, it is only 40% at D180. Severe chronic GVHD was 12% (D90) and 11% (D60) at 540 days. One year OS is 75% and 78% for the D90 and D60 cohorts, respectively. At 12 months PFS is 54% in the D90 group and 67% in the D60. At 12 months, the GRFS is 33% in the D90 group, and 38% in the D60 group. (Figure 2) These data suggest that reduced-duration IST in pts receiving NMA haplo PB with PTCy is feasible and carries an acceptable safety profile. Risks of acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, graft failure and NRM appear similar to historical outcomes with IST until D180 and between the two cohorts. When comparing the D90 and D60 arms, grade 3-4, severe chronic GVHD, GRFS, OS and PFS were similar. Although a larger, prospective trial would be needed to uncover potential small differences in outcomes based on IST duration, these data show that similar to our findings with BM, many PB pts (64% in this trial) can discontinue IST as early as D60 without undue toxicity. The favorable toxicity profile of the PTCy platform, coupled with the feasibility and safety of early IST cessation, provides an ideal setting to incorporate novel post-transplantation approaches for relapse reduction. Figure 1 Disclosures DeZern: Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy. Bolanos-Meade:Incyte Corporation: Other: DSMB fees.

scholarly journals Family Mismatched Donor Transplantation for Myelofibrosis: A Retrospective Analysis of the EBMT Chronic Leukaemia Working Party

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4655-4655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Raj ◽  
Eduardo Olavarria ◽  
Diderik-Jan Eikema ◽  
Liesbeth C de Wreede ◽  
Linda Koster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Graft Failure ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Mismatched Donor

Abstract Background: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a treatment option for patients with advanced myelofibrosis. Problems encountered include an increased risk of delayed or poor engraftment and in the mismatched unrelated donor setting a higher rate of GVHD and particularly poor outcomes. As for other indications for allogeneic stem cell transplants, patients for whom either a matched sibling or matched unrelated donor is not available are considered for either a double umbilical cord blood, a mismatched unrelated donor or haploidentical stem cell transplant. Data on the latter option are limited and we reviewed registry data on all family mismatched donor transplants performed between 2001 and 2015 and reported to the EBMT registry. Results: Records retrieved 69 patients with myelofibrosis transplanted between November 2001 and November 2015. 44 (64%) were male. 50 (74%) had primary myelofibrosis,18 (27%) had secondary myelofibrosis (6 from ET, 5 from PRV and 7 others) and unknown 1(2%). Of 25 patients for whom the JAK2 V617F mutation status was known, 15 (22%) harboured the mutation. Patient Karnofsky performance status was > 70% in 98%. Of the mismatched family donors, 47 (68%) were male and 22 (31%) female. Donors were HLA mismatched at 1 locus in 12 (17%) and 2 or more loci in 48 (69%). Donor-recipient serology combinations were CMV -/- in 8 (12%), +/- in 4 (6%), -/+ in 15 (22%) and +/+ in 34 (49%) missing 8 (12%). Bone marrow was the stem cell source in 34 (49%) and peripheral blood in 35 (51%). The median total nucleated cell count (TNC) infused was 7.5x108/kg (range 2.3-21x108/kg) from data available in 17 patients. The median CD34+ cell dose was 6.9x106/kg (range 1.9-18.18x106/kg) from data available in 19 patients. Conditioning was myeloablative in 48 (70%) and RIC in 21 (30%) The conditioning regimes were varied but the predominant ones were Fludarabine, Busulphan, ATG (FBATG) and Thiotepa, Busulphan, Fludarabine (TBF). TBI was administered in 8 (12%) and in vivo T cell depletion in 22 (32%), ex-vivo T cell depletion in 5 (7%) patients. GVHD prophylaxis varied with post transplant Cyclophosphamide administered in 34/67 (49%) and ATG in 19/67 patients (28%). Neutrophil engraftment was established in 53 (82%) at a median of 20 days (range 11-83). Primary graft failure occurred in 8 (12%) and secondary graft failure in 4 (6%). This occurred at a median of 12 months (range 4.5-35 months). Eleven of these patients had a second allograft at a mean interval of 6.4 months. Responses to the first allograft (censoring for patients who had a second allograft) with data available in 45 patients, showed that complete remission was achieved in 35 patients (78%), 6 (13%) were never in CR and 4 (9%) were not evaluable. The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute GvHD at 100 days was 12% (95% CI 4-21%) and for grade III-IV acute GvHD at 100 days it was 5% (95% CI 3-11%). Data for chronic GVHD was valid in 49 patients. The cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD at 2 years was 62% (95% CI 47-76%). The cumulative incidence of limited cGvHD was 45% (95% CI 31-59%) whereas the cumulative incidence of extensive cGvHD was 10% (95% CI 2-19%). The median follow up was 24 months (95% CI 13-35 months). The 2-year OS was 51% (95% CI 37-76%) and the 5-year OS was 38% (95% CI 21-55%). The 2-year RFS was 44% (95% CI 30-59%) and the 5-year RFS was 31% (95% CI 15-48%). The 2 year cumulative incidence of relapse was 14% (95% CI 5-24%). The 2 year NRM was 41% (95% CI 28-55%), which increased to 54% (95% CI 37-72%) at 5 years. The main causes of death were infection (16, 24%), GVHD (7, 10%) organ damage or failure (3, 5%), relapse/disease progression (1, 2%) and secondary malignancy or PTLD (1, 2%). On univariate analysis there was no significant effect of recipient gender, donor gender, degree of HLA mismatch 1 vs >1 Ag MM, CMV matching between donor and recipient, primary or secondary MF, disease stage at transplant (chronic versus advanced phase), conditioning intensity, conditioning regimen, GVHD prophylaxis with ATG or post transplant cyclophosphamide or stem cell source on overall survival. Conclusion: Concerns regarding engraftment and secondary graft failure have excluded patients with myelofibrosis from clinical trials of mismatched related donor transplant. The data suggest that engraftment is feasible, and PFS and OS can be attained with limited severe chronic GVHD with family mismatched donors in this setting. Disclosures Ciceri: MolMed SpA: Consultancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document