Humoral Factor(s) in Experimental Hypersplenism

Abstract A type of experimental hypersplenism characterized by splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia has been produced in the rat by the repeated intraperitoneal injection of methylcellulose. The urine of these animals was collected and given through a gastric tube to another group of normal rats for a period of 4 weeks. The results were a marked and rapidly developing thrombocytopenia, a delayed but definite anemia with mild reticulocytosis and leukocytosis. When the administration of urine was discontinued, the anemia regressed, but the thrombocytopenia persisted unmodified for 2 weeks. When the urine of hypersplenic rats was again given to this group for 6 additional weeks, it failed to induce anemia or to change the persistent thrombocytopenia. Intragastric administration of urine from normal rats, from rats made anemic by total body radiation and from the hypersplenic group after splenectomy to other groups of normal rats, failed to produce the same changes and only induced moderate leukocytosis. On the basis of these results, it is postulated that in experimental methylcellulose-hypersplenism in the rat there is a humoral factor(s) responsible for the thrombocytopenia, that this humoral factor(s) is eliminated in the urine and that when such urine is given to normal rats, it is responsible for the thrombocytopenia and partially for the anemia that are observed. Such factor(s) are in some important way related to the presence of the spleen.

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STUDIES ON CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LYMPHOID TARGET CELL FOR ACTIVITY OF A THYMUS HUMORAL FACTOR

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.138.1.130 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 138 (1) ◽

pp. 130-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Varda Rotter ◽

Amiela Globerson ◽

Ichiro Nakamura ◽

Nathan Trainin

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Humoral Factor ◽

Target Cells ◽

Total Body ◽

Thymus Cells ◽

Marrow Cells

The immune response to SRBC was measured in the spleens of adult thymectomized, total body irradiated mice injected with various combinations of thymus and bone marrow cells together with thymic humoral factor (THF). It was found that the number of plaque-forming cells was significantly increased when THF was given in vivo immediately after thymus cell administration or when thymus cells were incubated in THF before injection. On the other hand, bone marrow cells equally treated did not manifest any T cell activity, since THF-treated bone marrow cells were not able to substitute thymus cells in the system used. The results accumulated in the present experiments indicate, therefore, that the target cells for THF activity are thymus cells which acquire a higher T helper cell capacity after THF treatment.

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Effects of Thalidomide on the Expression of Adhesion Molecules in Rat Liver Cirrhosis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/mi/2006/93253 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peng Lv ◽

Shelley Chireyath Paul ◽

Yanjv Xiao ◽

Shiquan Liu ◽

Hesheng Luo

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Adhesion Molecules ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

High Dose ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Liver Histopathology

This study was to evaluate the effects of thalidomide on expression of adhesion molecules in liver cirrhosis. The cirrhosis was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection ofCCl4, and thalidomide (10 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day) was given by intragastric administration for 8 weeks. Liver histopathology and immunohistochemistry were significantly improved and the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and TNF-αmRNA and protein were decreased significantly in rats treated with a high dose of thalidomide. Close positive correlation was observed in the expression of the TNF-αmRNA and that of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin mRNA, respectively. These results indicate that thalidomide exerts its effect on the downregulation of adhesion molecules via TNF-αsignaling pathway to inhibit liver fibrosis.

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Influence of Spleen on Thrombocytopenia Induced by Humoral Factor(s) of Experimental Hypersplenism

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v18.3.364.364 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 364-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

RUY PÉREZ-TAMAYO ◽

SILVIA MEJIA ◽

IRMGARD MONTFORT

Keyword(s):

Humoral Factor ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Normal Rat

Abstract The influence of the spleen on the thrombocytopenia induced in normal rats by intragastric administration of humoral factor or factors [HF(s)] was studied. Splenectomized rats showed the same thrombocytopenia associated with administration of HF(s) as rats with intact spleen. Thrombocytopenia established by two separate and disconnected periods of intragastric administration of HF(s) and followed by splenectomy was not modified. It is concluded that the spleen is not required by HF(s) to induce thrombocytopenia in the normal rat, and also that the spleen does not participate in the maintenance of thrombocytopenia observed after discontinuation of HF(s).

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The effect of Qing Huan Ling on the hypoglutamatergic schizophrenia model in mice

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.387 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S372-S373

Author(s):

Y. Zhang ◽

F. Liu ◽

Z. Dai ◽

Q. Wu

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

High Activity ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Model Group ◽

Blank Group ◽

Mk 801 ◽

Step Down ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Risperidone Group

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Qing Huan Ling and (or) risperidone on activity and preferences behavior of the hypoglutamatergic schizophrenia model in mice.MethodsSeventy kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, one group as placebo group. The rest groups intraperitoneal injection MK-801 continuously 14 day, then randomly numbered: model group, Qing Huan Ling group, risperidone groupand Qing Huan Ling combined risperidone group. Intragastric administration give corresponding drugs for each group one month, at the same time observe high activities and changes in the preferences of five groups.ResultsCompared with the blank group, activity of the rest model groups induced by MK-801 was increased (P < 0.05). After intragastric administration one month, model groups of high activity was decreased, especially risperidone combined Qing Huan Ling group. There was no statistical meaning in inquiry activity of five groups (P > 0.05). Compared with model group, latent period of step-through test was prolonged 35.5 s (P < 0.05), of step-down test was prolonged 11.4 s in risperidone combined Qing Huan Ling group.ConclusionThe combination of Qing Huan Ling and risperidone can suppress the high activity; also can protect harmed memory of the preference behavior in the hypoglutamatergic schizophrenia model in mice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Effect of medication containing histochrome A, tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the lungs of rats subjected to lipopolysaccharide administration

Dalʹnevostočnyj medicinskij žurnal ◽

10.35177/1994-5191-2020-4-60-64 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 60-64

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Volume Density ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Single Intraperitoneal Injection

A single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide Coli026:B6 caused pronounced changes in the lungs of rats a day later: massive lymphoid peribronchial infiltration, an increase in the volume density of interalveolar connective tissue, the number of macrophages in it. Intragastric administration of the medication containing esinochrome, tocopherol and ascorbic acid, preceding the introduction of lipopolysaccharide, significantly reduced the severity of pathological changes in the lungs that develop under its influence.

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Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050287 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 54-55

Author(s):

S. Phyllis Steamer ◽

Rosemarie L. Devine

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Arterial Stenosis ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Vascular Effects ◽

Microvascular Changes ◽

Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽

Fission Neutrons ◽

Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

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The Fine Structure of Irradiated Mouse Heart

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100090907 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 184-185

Author(s):

Vivian V. Yang ◽

S. Phyllis Stearner

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Level ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Mouse Heart ◽

Blood Vessel Wall ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Light Microscopic Level ◽

Γ Rays ◽

Fission Neutrons ◽

Total Body

The heart is generally considered a radioresistant organ, and has received relatively little study after total-body irradiation with doses below the acutely lethal range. Some late damage in the irradiated heart has been described at the light microscopic level. However, since the dimensions of many important structures of the blood vessel wall are submicroscopic, investigators have turned to the electron microscope for adequate visualization of histopathological changes. Our studies are designed to evaluate ultrastructural changes in the mouse heart, particularly in the capillaries and muscle fibers, for 18 months after total-body exposure, and to compare the effects of 240 rad fission neutrons and 788 rad 60Co γ-rays.Three animals from each irradiated group and three control mice were sacrificed by ether inhalation at 4 days, and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after irradiation. The thorax was opened and the heart was fixed briefly in situwith Karnofsky's fixative.

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