Purpose
The aim of this study was to provide clinicians with an overview of literature relating to dysphagia in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) to guide assessment and treatment.
Method
In this clinical focus article, we review literature published in Scopus and PubMed between 1990 and 2020 pertaining to dysphagia in SMA across the life span. Original research articles that were published in English were included. Searches were conducted within four themes of inquiry: (a) etiology and phenotypes, (b) respiratory systemic deficits and management, (c) characteristics of natural history dysphagia and its treatment, and (d) dysphagia outcomes with disease-modifying therapies. Articles for the first two themes were selected by content experts who identified the most salient articles that would provide clinicians foundational background knowledge about SMA. Articles for the third theme were identified using search terms, including
spinal muscular atrophy,
swallow,
dysphagia,
bulbar, nutrition,
g-tube,
alternative nutrition,
jaw,
mouth,
palate,
OR
mandible
. Search terms for the fourth theme included
spinal muscular atrophy
AND
nusinersen
OR
AVXS-101/onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi
.
Review of Pertinent Literature
Twenty-nine articles were identified. Findings across identified articles support the fact that patients with SMA who do not receive disease-modifying therapy exhibit clinically significant deficits in oropharyngeal swallow function. Few investigations provided systematic information regarding the underlying physiological deficits responsible for this loss in function, the timing of the degradation, or how disease-modifying therapies change these outcomes.
Conclusion
Future research outlining the physiological and functional oropharyngeal swallowing deficits among patients with SMA who receive disease-modifying therapy is critical in developing standards of dysphagia care to guide clinicians.
HAVING A GO AT SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY WITH SPINRAZA