Brief psychological therapies for anxiety and depression in primary care: meta-analysis and meta-regression

Abstract Background Stress, anxiety, and depression are some of the most important research and practice challenges for psychologists, psychiatrists, and behavioral scientists. Due to the importance of issue and the lack of general statistics on these disorders among the Hospital staff treating the COVID-19 patients, this study aims to systematically review and determine the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. Methods In this research work, the systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression approaches are used to approximate the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. The keywords of prevalence, anxiety, stress, depression, psychopathy, mental illness, mental disorder, doctor, physician, nurse, hospital staff, 2019-nCoV, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and Coronaviruses were used for searching the SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases. The search process was conducted in December 2019 to June 2020. In order to amalgamate and analyze the reported results within the collected studies, the random effects model is used. The heterogeneity of the studies is assessed using the I2 index. Lastly, the data analysis is performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results Of the 29 studies with a total sample size of 22,380, 21 papers have reported the prevalence of depression, 23 have reported the prevalence of anxiety, and 9 studies have reported the prevalence of stress. The prevalence of depression is 24.3% (18% CI 18.2–31.6%), the prevalence of anxiety is 25.8% (95% CI 20.5–31.9%), and the prevalence of stress is 45% (95% CI 24.3–67.5%) among the hospitals’ Hospital staff caring for the COVID-19 patients. According to the results of meta-regression analysis, with increasing the sample size, the prevalence of depression and anxiety decreased, and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05), however, the prevalence of stress increased with increasing the sample size, yet this was not statistically significant (P = 0.829). Conclusion The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients is high. Therefore, the health policy-makers should take measures to control and prevent mental disorders in the Hospital staff.

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Brief psychological therapies for emotional disorders in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clinical Psychology Science and Practice ◽

10.1037/cps0000009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 363-376

Author(s):

Jorge Corpas ◽

Juan A. Moriana ◽

Jose F. Venceslá ◽

Mario Gálvez-Lara

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary Care ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Psychological Therapies

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Which Non-Pharmaceutical Primary Care Interventions Reduce Inequalities in Common Mental Health Disorders? A Protocol for a Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182412978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (24) ◽

pp. 12978

Author(s):

Louise Tanner ◽

Sarah Sowden ◽

Madeleine Still ◽

Katie Thomson ◽

Clare Bambra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Primary Care ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Health Concern ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Psychological Therapies ◽

Health Disorders

Common mental health disorders (CMDs) represent a major public health concern and are particularly prevalent in people experiencing disadvantage or marginalisation. Primary care is the first point of contact for people with CMDs. Pharmaceutical interventions, such as antidepressants, are commonly used in the treatment of CMDs; however, there is concern that these treatments are over-prescribed and ineffective for treating mental distress related to social conditions. Non-pharmaceutical primary care interventions, such as psychological therapies and “social prescribing”, provide alternatives for CMDs. Little is known, however, about which such interventions reduce social inequalities in CMD-related outcomes, and which may, unintentionally, increase them. The aim of this protocol (PROSPERO registration number CRD42021281166) is to describe how we will undertake a systematic review to assess the effects of non-pharmaceutical primary care interventions on CMD-related outcomes and social inequalities. A systematic review of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods primary studies will be undertaken and reported according to the PRISMA-Equity guidance. The following databases will be searched: Assia, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo and Scopus. Retrieved records will be screened according to pre-defined eligibility criteria and synthesised using a narrative approach, with meta-analysis if feasible. The findings of this review will guide efforts to commission more equitable mental health services.

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Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: a meta-analysis

Family Practice ◽

10.1093/fampra/cmu060 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 3-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Conal Twomey ◽

Gary O’Reilly ◽

Michael Byrne

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Behavioural Therapy ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cognitive Behavioural

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Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Primary Care: a Meta-analysis

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(15)31860-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

C. Twomey ◽

G. O'Reilly ◽

M. Byrne

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Behavioural Therapy ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cognitive Behavioural

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Alexithymia and facial emotion recognition in patients with craniofacial pain and association of alexithymia with anxiety and depression: a systematic review with meta-analysis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12545

Author(s):

Roy La Touche ◽

Alberto García-Salgado ◽

Ferran Cuenca-Martínez ◽

Santiago Angulo-Díaz-Parreño ◽

Alba Paris-Alemany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Recognition ◽

Clinical Effect ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Facial Emotion Recognition ◽

Facial Emotion ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Moderate Evidence ◽

Craniofacial Pain ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals

Background We aimed to determine the presence of alexithymia in patients with craniofacial pain (CFP) compared with asymptomatic individuals. Our secondary aims were to assess the relationship of alexithymia with anxiety and depression levels, as well as to assess the presence of facial emotion recognition deficit. Methods Medline, Scielo and Google Scholar were searched, with the last search performed in 8 September 2021. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs were calculated for relevant outcomes and were pooled in a meta-analysis using the random effects model. In addition, meta-analyses of correlations and a meta-regression of alexithymia with depression and anxiety were performed. Results Regarding alexithymia, assessed through the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the results showed significant differences, with higher values in patients compared with asymptomatic individuals, with a large clinical effect (SMD 0.46; 95% CI [0.22–0.71]; heterogeneity-Q 66.86; p < 0.001; inconsistency (I2) = 81%). We found statistically significant correlations with a small clinical effect of alexithymia with anxiety and depression. The meta-regression showed no significant association between the TAS and anxiety or depression. With respect to facial emotion recognition, the results showed statistically significant differences, with greater recognition difficulty in patients compared with asymptomatic individuals, with a large clinical effect (SMD −1.17; 95% CI [−2.01 to −0.33]; heterogeneity-Q 2.97; p = 0.080; I2 = 66%). Conclusions Patients with CFP showed alexithymia with moderate evidence. There was also moderate evidence indicating that these patients had significant deficits in facial emotion recognition compared with asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, alexithymia showed statistically significant correlations with anxiety and depression levels.

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Prevalence of Postural Hypotension in Primary, Community and Institutional Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-38629/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sinead TJ McDonagh ◽

Natasha Mejzner ◽

Christopher E Clark

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Primary Care ◽

Postural Hypotension ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Institutional Care ◽

Consensus Definition ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Postural hypotension (PH), the reduction in blood pressure when rising from sitting or lying to standing, is a risk factor for falls, cognitive decline and mortality. However, it is not often tested for in primary care despite these associated risks. PH prevalence varies according to definition, population, care setting and measurement method. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PH across different care settings and disease subgroups.Methods: A systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regression were undertaken. We searched Medline and Embase to October 2019 for studies based in primary, community or institutional care settings reporting PH prevalence. Data and study level demographics were extracted independently by two reviewers. Pooled estimates for mean prevalence of PH were compared between care settings and disease subgroups using random effects meta-analyses. Predictors of PH were explored using meta-regression. Quality assessment of included studies was undertaken using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results: 1816 studies were identified; 61 contributed to analyses. Pooled prevalences for PH using the consensus definition were 17% (95% CI, 14-20%) in the community, 19% (15-25%) in primary care and 31% (15-50%) in residential care or nursing homes (P=0.16 between groups). By condition, prevalences were 20% (16-24%) with hypertension, 21% (16-26%) with diabetes, 25% (18-33%) with Parkinson’s disease and 29% (25-33%) with dementia, compared to 14% (12-17%) without these conditions (P<0.01 between groups). Multivariable meta-regression modelling identified increasing age and diabetes as predictors of PH (P<0.01, P=0.13, respectively; R2=36%). PH prevalence was not affected by blood pressure measurement device (P=0.65) or sitting or supine resting position (P=0.24), however, when the definition of PH did not fulfil the consensus description, but fell within its parameters, prevalence was underestimated (P=0.01) irrespective of study quality (P=0.04).Conclusions: The prevalence of PH in populations relevant to primary care is substantial. The definition used is important when testing for PH. Our findings emphasise the importance of considering checking for PH, particularly in vulnerable populations, to enable interventions to manage it. These data should contribute to future guidelines relevant to the detection and treatment of postural hypotension.PROSPERO: CRD42017075423.

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