Evaluation of humoral immune response induced by a supplemental dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) administered intradermally or intramuscularly versus a dose of monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine

The gp120 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a dominant target against which the host's humoral immune response is directed. Unfortunately, gp120 proteins from different isolates of HIV are antigenically distinct, complicating the use of the envelope glycoprotein in vaccines designed to prevent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISA), BALB/c mice immunized and boosted with recombinant purified gp120 were studied at the single cell level for their humoral immune response to HIV-1 envelope proteins. Approximately 90% of responding B cells produced antibodies reactive with the immunizing form of gp120 but not with gp120s from other strains of HIV. A novel sandwich ELISA was then used to analyze the frequency with which individual in vivo activated B cells produced antibodies that crossreacted with heterologous gp120s. Repeated immunizations with a single gp120 or with a mixture of different gp120s resulted in the activation of primarily mono-specific (noncrossreactive) B cells. In contrast, the sequential immunization of mice with recombinant purified envelope proteins from different strains of HIV (IIIB, SF2, and Zr6) induced the selective expansion of B cells producing highly crossreactive antibodies.

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Humoral Immune Response to a Yeast-derived Hepatitis B Vaccine in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1464-5491.1992.tb01717.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 66-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

K.P. Bouter ◽

R.J.A. Diepersloot ◽

P.J. Wismans ◽

F.H.J. Gmelig Meyling ◽

J.B.L. Hoekstra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Immune Response ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Humoral Immune

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Characterization of the humoral immune response to glutamic acid decarboxylase in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) and/or type 1 diabetes

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02026 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 153 (6) ◽

pp. 901-906 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Matti S Ronkainen ◽

Taina Härkönen ◽

Jaakko Perheentupa ◽

Mikael Knip

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Acid Decarboxylase ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Gad65 Autoantibodies ◽

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy

Objective: A humoral autoimmune response to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is common both in patients with type 1 diabetes and in those with the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome, while overt type 1 diabetes is relatively rarely diagnosed in APECED patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether this difference in the incidence of type 1 diabetes is associated with variability in the humoral immune response to GAD65, one of the major autoantigens in type 1 diabetes. Methods: Epitope- and isotype-specific GAD65 autoantibodies were analysed in 20 patients with APECED and 20 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes alone by radiobinding assays. Results: GAD65 autoantibodies targeted the middle and carboxy-terminal regions of GAD65 and occasionally the amino-terminal region in the APECED patients and comprised mainly the IgG1 subclass and less frequently the IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses. The profile of epitope- and isotype-specific GAD65 autoantibodies was similar in type 1 diabetes and APECED, except that IgG2 subclass antibodies were observed more often and at higher levels in the patients with type 1 diabetes alone (P < 0.05). None of the measured parameters separated APECED patients with type 1 diabetes from those without type 1 diabetes. Conclusion: APECED-associated humoral autoimmunity to GAD65 does not differ markedly from that observed in type 1 diabetes; only IgG2-GAD65 antibodies may be more closely associated with the latter entity.

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