scholarly journals Karyotype diversity and 2C DNA content in species of the Caesalpinia group

BMC Genetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polliana Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Margarete Magalhães Souza ◽  
Cláusio Antônio Ferreira Melo ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Ronan Xavier Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
2C Dna Content

scholarly journals Genome Size Diversity in Rare, Endangered, and Protected Orchids in Poland

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Monika Rewers ◽  
Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Rewicz ◽  
Anna Jakubska-Busse
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Infraspecific Taxon ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Liparis Loeselii ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Orchidaceae is one of the largest and the most widespread plant families with many species threatened with extinction. However, only about 1.5% of orchids’ genome sizes have been known so far. The aim of this study was to estimate the genome size of 15 species and one infraspecific taxon of endangered and protected orchids growing wild in Poland to assess their variability and develop additional criterion useful in orchid species identification and characterization. Flow cytometric genome size estimation revealed that investigated orchid species possessed intermediate, large, and very large genomes. The smallest 2C DNA content possessed Liparis loeselii (14.15 pg), while the largest Cypripedium calceolus (82.10 pg). It was confirmed that the genome size is characteristic to the subfamily. Additionally, for four species Epipactis albensis, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis mascula, Orchis militaris and one infraspecific taxon, Epipactis purpurata f. chlorophylla the 2C DNA content has been estimated for the first time. Genome size estimation by flow cytometry proved to be a useful auxiliary method for quick orchid species identification and characterization.

scholarly journals Miscanthus: Inter- and Intraspecific Genome Size Variation Among M. × Giganteus, M. Sinensis, M. Sacchariflorus Accessions

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Sandra Cichorz ◽  
Maria Gośka ◽  
Monika Rewers
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Cytological Characteristics ◽  
Stomatal Length

AbstractSinceM. sinensisAnderss.,M. sacchariflorus(Maxim.) Hack. andM. ×giganteusJ.M.Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. and Renvoize have considerably the highest potential for biomass production amongMiscanthusAnderss. species, there is an urgent need to broaden the knowledge about cytological characteristics required for their improvement. In this study our objectives were to assess the genome size variation among eighteenMiscanthusaccessions, as well as estimation of the monoploid genome size (2C and Cx) of theM. sinensiscultivars, which have not been analyzed yet. The characterization of threeMiscanthusspecies was performed with the use of flow cytometry and analysis of the stomatal length. The triploid (2n = 3x = 57)M. sinensis‘Goliath’ andM. ×giganteusclones possessed the highest 2C DNA content (8.34 pg and 7.43 pg, respectively). The intermediate 2C-values were found in the nuclei of the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sinensisaccessions (5.52–5.72 pg), whereas they were the lowest in the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sacchariflorusecotypes (4.58–4.59 pg). The presented study revealed interspecific variation of nuclear DNA content (P<0.01) and therefore allowed for recognition of particular taxa, inter- and intraspecific hybrids and prediction of potential parental components. Moreover, intraspecific genome size variation (P<0.01) was observed inM. sinensiscultivars at 3.62%. The values of the stomatal size obtained for the triploidM. ×giganteus‘Great Britain’ (mean 30.70 μm) or ‘Canada’ (mean 29.67 μm) and diploidM. sinensis‘Graziella’ (mean 29.96 μm) did not differ significantly, therefore this parameter is not recommended for ploidy estimation.

scholarly journals Karyotype characterization and nuclear DNA content measurement in Bromeliaceae: State of the art and future perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1849-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREI C.P. NUNES ◽  
WELLINGTON R. CLARINDO
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Content Measurement ◽  
2C Dna Content

In Bromeliaceae, cytogenetic and flow cytometry analyses have been performed to clarify systematic and evolutionary aspects. Karyotyping approaches have shown the relatively high chromosome number, similar morphology and small size of the chromosomes. These facts have prevented a correct chromosome counting and characterization. Authors have established a basic chromosome number of x = 25 for Bromeliaceae. Recently, one karyomorphological analysis revealed that x = 25 is no longer the basic chromosome number, whose genome may have a polyploid origin. Besides cytogenetic characterization, the 2C DNA content of bromeliads has been measured. Nuclear DNA content has varied from 2C = 0.60 to 2C = 3.34 picograms. Thus, in relation to most angiosperms, the 2C DNA content of Bromeliaceae species as well as their chromosome size can be considered relatively small. In spite of some advances, cytogenetic and flow cytometry data are extremely scarce in this group. In this context, this review reports the state of the art in karyotype characterization and nuclear DNA content measurement in Bromeliaceae, emphasizing the main problems and suggesting prospective solutions and ideas for future research.

Réactivation du bourgeon cotylédonnaire du Pois en réponse à la kinétine

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlette Nougarède ◽  
Jacques Rembur ◽  
Pierre Rondet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Elongation Process ◽  
Three Components

For three components (apical meristem, subapical internodes, and foliar apparatus) of Pisum sativum (cv. nain hâtif d'Annonay) cotyledonary buds, DNA microdensitometry, mitotic indices, and release of growth have been used to detect changes produced by kinetin applications (50 μg/mL). One kinetin treatment is sufficient to release the cell cycle, but continuous kinetin supply is necessary to maintain bud elongation. At the apical, subapical, and foliar levels, inhibited cotyledonary buds contain a majority of nuclei with 2C DNA content, in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Following hormonal treatment, the prereplicative phase of the noncycling cells is at least 6 h in the whole bud. The lag period for the release of bud growth is between 15 and 23 h in subapical regions (first and second internodes) and between 23 and 38 h at the foliar level. At subapical and foliar levels, a few mitoses precede and then follow the elongation process. The first mitoses are from G2 nuclei of the inhibited bud. The following ones, more numerous, are from noncycling cells of inhibited buds, which have entered the S phase in response to kinetin application. The degree of inhibition of an axillary bud, estimated by the distribution of the DNA content in its three components, conditions the events induced by hormonal treatment or decapitation. The discussion shows how the knowledge of the original nuclear states of inhibited buds is necessary to understand axillary bud reactivation.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Characterization and Nuclear DNA Content of Diploid and Tetraploid Forms of Stokes Aster

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2005-2012
Author(s):  
Jessica Gaus Barb ◽  
Dennis J. Werner ◽  
Shyamalrau P. Tallury
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Irregularities ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Bridges

Stokesia laevis (J. Hill) Greene is a herbaceous perennial native to the southeastern United States. Most cultivars of Stokesia are diploid (2n = 2x = 14) except for ‘Omega Skyrocket’, a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) form selected from a natural population. A comparative study of the karyotypes and meiotic behavior of diploid cultivars, seed-derived accessions of ‘Omega Skyrocket’, synthetically derived autotetraploids, and triploid progeny from these taxa strongly suggest that ‘Omega Skyrocket’ is an autotetraploid form of Stokesia. Total karyotype length, 161 μm and 293 μm, and average chromosome length, 11.5 μm and 10.5 μm, of the diploid cultivars and tetraploid accessions of ‘Omega Skyrocket’, respectively, were determined. The karyotype of the diploid cultivars consisted of eight metacentric (m) and six submetacentric (sm) chromosomes with average arm ratio values ranging from 1.12 to 2.06. The karyotype of ‘Omega Skyrocket’ consisted of 23 m chromosomes and 5 sm chromosomes with average arm ratio values ranging from 1.22 to 2.02. Meiotic pairing in the diploids was normal. No meiotic irregularities such as laggards or bridges were observed and disjunction was balanced (7:7). Accessions of ‘Omega Skyrocket’ demonstrated a high frequency (60%) of quadrivalent formation; however, later stages of meiosis were regular with balanced disjunction (14:14) occurring in 95% of the cells. Meiotic configurations in synthetically derived autotetraploids and triploid hybrids from crosses of diploid cultivars × ‘Omega Skyrocket’ consisted of univalents, bivalents, trivalents, quadrivalents, and pentavalents. Abnormalities, including laggards, unequal and/or premature disjunction, chromosome bridges, and chromosome stickiness were observed. Average nuclear 2C DNA content was 20.3 pg for the diploid cultivars and 39.9 pg for the newly synthesized autotetraploids. Average nuclear 2C DNA content for ‘Omega Skyrocket’ was 37.3 pg, which was 8.2% less than twice the average 2C DNA content of the diploid accessions and 6.4% less than the newly synthesized autotetraploids, suggesting that genomic downsizing in ‘Omega Skyrocket’ has occurred. Similarity of the karyotypes of the diploids and ‘Omega Skyrocket’ and the slight reduction in nuclear DNA content suggest that ‘Omega Skyrocket’ has diverged little from its original diploid progenitor.

The fission yeast cdc19+ gene encodes a member of the MCM family of replication proteins

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 2779-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Forsburg ◽  
P. Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Replication Proteins ◽  
Checkpoint Control ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Synthetically Lethal ◽  
Structural Homologue ◽  
Mcm2 Protein

We have cloned and characterized the fission yeast cdc19+ gene. We demonstrate that it encodes a structural homologue of the budding yeast MCM2 protein. In fission yeast, the cdc19+ gene is constitutively expressed, and essential for viability. Deletion delays progression through S phase, and cells arrest in the first cycle with an apparent 2C DNA content, with their checkpoint control intact. The temperature-sensitive cdc19-P1 mutation is synthetically lethal with cdc21-M68. In addition, we show by classical and molecular genetics that cdc19+ is allelic to the nda1+ locus. We conclude that cdc19p plays a potentially conserved role in S phase.

Environmentally induced nuclear 2C DNA content instability in Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Spencer Johnston ◽  
Andrea Jensen ◽  
Don G. Czeschin ◽  
H. James Price
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
2C Dna Content

scholarly journals Checkpoint Regulation of Nuclear Tos4 Defines S Phase Arrest in Fission Yeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong M. Kim ◽  
Vishnu P. Tripathi ◽  
Kuo-Fang Shen ◽  
Susan L. Forsburg
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Nuclear Accumulation ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Checkpoint Kinases ◽  
Phase Arrest ◽  
Visual Markers ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Phase Progression

From yeast to humans, the cell cycle is tightly controlled by regulatory networks that regulate cell proliferation and can be monitored by dynamic visual markers in living cells. We have observed S phase progression by monitoring nuclear accumulation of the FHA-containing DNA binding protein Tos4, which is expressed in the G1/S phase transition. We use Tos4 localization to distinguish three classes of DNA replication mutants: those that arrest with an apparent 1C DNA content and accumulate Tos4 at the restrictive temperature; those that arrest with an apparent 2C DNA content, that do not accumulate Tos4; and those that proceed into mitosis despite a 1C DNA content, again without Tos4 accumulation. Our data indicate that Tos4 localization in these conditions is responsive to checkpoint kinases, with activation of the Cds1 checkpoint kinase promoting Tos4 retention in the nucleus, and activation of the Chk1 damage checkpoint promoting its turnover. Tos4 localization therefore allows us to monitor checkpoint-dependent activation that responds to replication failure in early vs. late S phase.

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