Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathophysiological process with diverse etiology, resulting in a progressive decreased in renal function, and generally ends up with kidney failure. In CKD patient, the level of urea increases -uremia- a clinical syndrome that occurs in all organs due to the increased level of urea. During catabolism process, protein is broken down into amino acids and deamination ammonia which is further synthesized to become urea. Increased level of urea depends on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Decreased of GFR (<15ml / min) can cause renal failure and uremia. This study aimed to determine the levels of urea in patients with stage 5 CKD non-dialysis. This was an observational descriptive study. This study was conducted from December 2015 to January 2016 at two hospitals, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital and Adventist Hospital Manado. Samples were blood samples of all patients suffering from CKD stage 5 non-dyalisis within the specified time. The results of laboratory tests showed that of 35 patients diagnosed with stage 5 CKD non-dialysis all had increased urea levels (100%). Conclusion: There was an increase in urea level of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease non-dialysis either of outpatients or inpatients.Keywords: urea serum, stage 5 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease.Abstrak: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) merupakan suatu proses patofisiologi dengan etiologi beragam, mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi ginjal yang progresif dan umumnya berakhir dengan gagal ginjal. Umumnya pada PGK terjadi peningkatan kadar ureum dan mengakibat-kan terjadinya uremia yaitu suatu sindrom klinik yang terjadi pada semua organ akibat meningkatnya kadar ureum. Dalam proses katabolisme, protein dipecah menjadi asam amino dan deaminasi ammonia yang selanjutnya disintesis menjadi urea. Peningkatan kadar ureum bergantung pada tingkat laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG). Pada penurunan LFG (<15ml/mnt) dapat terjadi gagal ginjal dan uremia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar ureum pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif observasional. Penelitian dilakukan sejak Desember 2015-Januari 2016 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou dan RS Advent Teling Manado. Sampel penelitian ialah sampel darah dari semua pasien yang menderita penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 nondialisis dalam kurun waktu yang ditentukan. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dari 35 pasien yang terdiagnosis penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis memperlihatkan peningkatan kadar ureum serum (100%). Simpulan: Terjadi peningkatan kadar ureum serum pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis baik yang dirawat jalan maupun dirawat inap.Kata kunci: ureum, penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis
Primary care provider perceptions of enablers and barriers to following guideline-recommended laboratory tests to confirm chronic kidney disease: a qualitative descriptive study
