Choroidal vessel density in unilateral hyperopic amblyopia using en-face optical coherence tomography

Abstract Background Structural changes of the choroid, such as choroidal thickening, have been indicated in amblyopic eyes with hyperopic anisometropia as compared to fellow or healthy eyes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate choroidal vascular density (CVD) in children with unilateral hyperopic amblyopia. Methods This study included 88 eyes of 44 patients with unilateral amblyopia due to hyperopic anisometropia with or without strabismus and 29 eyes of 29 age-matched normal controls. The CVD of Haller’s layer was quantified from en-face images constructed by 3-dimensional swept-source optical coherence tomography images flattened relative to Bruch’s membrane. The analysis area was a 3 × 3-mm square of macula after magnification correction. Relationships between CVD and other parameters [best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT)] were investigated, and CVDs were compared between amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes. Results Mean CVD was 59.11 ± 0.66% in amblyopic eyes, 59.23 ± 0.81% in fellow eyes, and 59.29 ± 0.74% in normal control eyes. CVD showed a significant positive relationship with SFCT (p = 0.004), but no relationships with other parameters. No significant differences in CVD were evident among amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes after adjusting for SFCT (p = 0.502). Conclusions CVD was unrelated to BCVA, and CVD did not differ significantly among amblyopic, fellow and normal control eyes. These results suggest that the local CVD of Haller’s layer is unaffected in unilateral hyperopic amblyopic eyes.

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Choroidal vessel density in unilateral hyperopic amblyopia using en-face optical coherence tomography

10.21203/rs.3.rs-53300/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Syunsuke Araki ◽

Atsushi Miki ◽

Katsutoshi Goto ◽

Tsutomu Yamashita ◽

Tsuyoshi Yoneda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Normal Control ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Swept Source ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Face Images ◽

En Face ◽

Normal Controls

Abstract Background Structural changes of the choroid, such as choroidal thickening, have been indicated in amblyopic eyes with hyperopic anisometropia as compared to fellow or healthy eyes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate choroidal vascular density (CVD) in children with unilateral hyperopic amblyopia.Methods This study included 88 eyes of 44 patients with unilateral amblyopia due to hyperopic anisometropia with or without strabismus and 29 eyes of 29 age-matched normal controls. The CVD of Haller's layer was quantified from en-face images constructed by 3-dimensional swept-source optical coherence tomography images flattened relative to Bruch's membrane. The analysis area was a 3×3-mm square of macula after magnification correction. Relationships between CVD and other parameters [best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT)] were investigated, and CVDs were compared between amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes.Results Mean CVD was 59.11 ± 0.66% in amblyopic eyes, 59.23 ± 0.81% in fellow eyes, and 59.29 ± 0.74% in normal control eyes. CVD showed a significant positive relationship with SFCT (p=0.004), but no relationships with other parameters. No significant differences in CVD were evident among amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes after adjusting for SFCT (p=0.502).Conclusions CVD was unrelated to BCVA, and CVD did not differ significantly among amblyopic, fellow and normal control eyes. These results suggest that the local CVD of Haller's layer is unaffected in unilateral hyperopic amblyopic eyes.

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Choroidal vessel density in unilateral hyperopic amblyopia using en-face optical coherence tomography

10.21203/rs.3.rs-53300/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Syunsuke Araki ◽

Atsushi Miki ◽

Katsutoshi Goto ◽

Tsutomu Yamashita ◽

Tsuyoshi Yoneda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Normal Control ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Swept Source ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Face Images ◽

En Face ◽

Normal Controls

Abstract Background Structural changes of the choroid, such as choroidal thickening, have been indicated in amblyopic eyes with hyperopic anisometropia as compared to fellow or healthy eyes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate choroidal vascular density (CVD) in children with unilateral hyperopic amblyopia.Methods This study included 88 eyes of 44 patients with unilateral amblyopia due to hyperopic anisometropia with or without strabismus and 29 eyes of 29 age-matched normal controls. The CVD of Haller's layer was quantified from en-face images constructed by 3-dimensional swept-source optical coherence tomography images flattened relative to Bruch's membrane. The analysis area was a 3×3-mm square of macula after magnification correction. Relationships between CVD and other parameters [best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, axial length and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT)] were investigated, and CVDs were compared between amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes.Results Mean CVD was 59.11 ± 0.66% in amblyopic eyes, 59.23 ± 0.81% in fellow eyes, and 59.29 ± 0.74% in normal control eyes. CVD showed a significant positive relationship with SFCT (p=0.005), but no relationships with other parameters. No significant differences in CVD were evident among amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes after adjusting for SFCT (p=0.502).Conclusions CVD was unrelated to BCVA, and CVD did not differ significantly among amblyopic, fellow and normal control eyes. These results suggest that the local CVD of Haller's layer is unaffected in unilateral hyperopic amblyopic eyes.

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Choroidal Vessel Density in Unilateral Hyperopic Amblyopia Using en-Face Optical Coherence Tomography

10.21203/rs.3.rs-53300/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Syunsuke Araki ◽

Atsushi Miki ◽

Katsutoshi Goto ◽

Tsutomu Yamashita ◽

Tsuyoshi Yoneda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Normal Control ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Swept Source ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Face Images ◽

En Face ◽

Normal Controls

Abstract BackgroundStructural changes of the choroid, such as choroidal thickening, have been indicated in amblyopic eyes with hyperopic anisometropia as compared to fellow or healthy eyes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate choroidal vascular density (CVD) in children with unilateral hyperopic amblyopia.MethodsThis study included 88 eyes of 44 patients with unilateral amblyopia due to hyperopic anisometropia with or without strabismus and 29 eyes of 29 age-matched normal controls. The CVD of Haller's layer was quantified from en-face images constructed by 3-dimensional swept-source optical coherence tomography images flattened relative to Bruch's membrane. The analysis area was a 3×3-mm square of macula after magnification correction. Relationships between CVD and other parameters [best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, axial length and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT)] were investigated, and CVDs were compared between amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes.ResultsMean CVD was 59.1±0.7% in amblyopic eyes, 59.2±0.8% in fellow eyes, and 59.3±0.7% in normal control eyes. CVD showed a significant positive relationship with SFCT (p=0.005), but no relationships with other parameters. No significant differences in CVD were evident among amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes after adjusting for SFCT (p=0.502).ConclusionsCVD was unrelated to BCVA, and CVD did not differ significantly among amblyopic, fellow and normal control eyes. These results suggest that the local CVD of Haller's layer is unaffected in unilateral hyperopic amblyopic eyes.

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Macular capillary plexuses after macular hole surgery: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311132 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (7) ◽

pp. 966-970 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yoon Jeon Kim ◽

Jaehyuck Jo ◽

Joo Yong Lee ◽

Young Hee Yoon ◽

June-Gone Kim

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Macular Hole ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Foveal Thickness ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Spectral Domain Oct ◽

En Face

AimsTo investigate the structural changes of the superficial capillary plexuses (SCP) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) in patients with idiopathic macular hole (MH) after surgery, determine the factors related to changes of macular capillary plexuses and evaluate its association with postoperative visual outcomes.MethodsThirty-three patients with unilateral MH who were followed for ≥6 months after surgery were included. Ophthalmologic evaluations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral-domain OCT before surgery and 6 months postsurgery. En face OCTA images were obtained for both eyes at 6 months postsurgery, and the postoperative foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and parafoveal vascular density were identified.ResultsCompared with fellow eyes, eyes after MH surgery had a smaller FAZ area in both SCP and DCP (p<0.05 for all). The FAZ area was positively correlated with postoperative foveal thickness of the whole, inner and outer layers (p<0.05 for all). In the parafoveal region, eyes after MH surgery had a tendency to have lower parafoveal vascular density, particularly in DCP (p=0.019). The parafoveal vascular density in DCP was positively correlated with retinal thickness of the whole, inner and outer layers (p<0.05 for all). Correlations between BCVA and FAZ area in both SCP and DCP were significant 6 months after MH surgery (p<0.05 for all).ConclusionAssessment of macular capillary plexuses using OCTA may be useful for monitoring retinal structural and functional changes in MH.

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Does Projection Artifact Removal Improve Visualization of Images in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography?

Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases ◽

10.1177/2474126419867631 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 289-296

Author(s):

Verena R. Juncal ◽

Armin Abadeh ◽

Keyvan Koushan ◽

Alan R. Berger ◽

David R. Chow

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Artifact Removal ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Face Images ◽

En Face ◽

Before And After ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: This study assesses the frequency of projection artifacts in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) en face images and compares images before and after applying a 3-dimensional projection artifact removal (3D-PAR) algorithm. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study that included consecutive patients with any underlying diagnosis who had OCTA obtained from January to March 2017. Patients with various retinal diseases and also healthy eyes were included. All participants underwent imaging with a scan area of 3 mm × 3 mm. The 4 default en face slabs were analyzed: superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), outer retina (OR), and choriocapillaris (CC). Images were qualitatively analyzed before and after 3D-PAR by 2 independent graders. Results: None of the SCP images had projection artifact before or after 3D-PAR. Scans of the DCP presented projection artifact in 96.5% of the cases. After 3D-PAR, 14.7% had a complete improvement of projection artifact, 56.5% had a partial improvement, 14.1% were worse, and 14.7% presented no change. In the OR, 2.9% had projection artifact, with a complete improvement after 3D-PAR in 40%, partial improvement in 20%, and no change in 40%. Projection artifact was initially present in 97.6% of the images in the CC. After 3D-PAR, there was a complete improvement in 72.9%, partial improvement in 26.5%, and no change in 0.6%. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was detected in 29 eyes (17.1%), and 3D-PAR improved detection of CNV in 12 cases (41.4%). Conclusions: OCTA with 3D-PAR technology minimizes the appearance of projection artifacts in the DCP and CC slabs.

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Tethered capsule en face optical coherence tomography for imaging Barrett’s oesophagus in unsedated patients

BMJ Open Gastroenterology ◽

10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000444

Author(s):

Kaicheng Liang ◽

Osman O Ahsen ◽

Annalee Murphy ◽

Jason Zhang ◽

Tan H Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Lower Oesophageal Sphincter ◽

Barrett’S Oesophagus ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Sampling Errors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Swept Source ◽

Barrett's Oesophagus ◽

Face Images ◽

En Face

ObjectiveBarrett’s oesophagus (BE) screening outside the endoscopy suite can identify patients for surveillance and reduce mortality. Tethered capsule optical coherence tomography (OCT) can volumetrically image oesophageal mucosa in unsedated patients and detect features of BE. We investigated ultrahigh-speed tethered capsule swept-source OCT (SS-OCT), improved device design, developed procedural techniques and measured capsule contact, longitudinal pullback non-uniformity and patient toleration.DesignOCT was performed in 16 patients prior to endoscopic surveillance/treatment. Unsedated patients swallowed the capsule with sips of water and the tether was pulled back to image the oesophagus. SS-OCT at 1 000 000 A-scans/s enabled imaging 10 cm oesophageal lengths in 10 s with 30 µm transverse and 8 µm axial resolution. Capsule contact, longitudinal image coverage and patient toleration were assessed.ResultsNine patients had non-dysplastic BE, three had ablative treatment-naïve neoplasia and four had prior ablation for dysplasia. Dry swallows facilitated capsule transit through the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), and waiting 10 s before pullback reduced swallow induced LES relaxation. Slow nasal inhalation facilitated capsule retrieval and minimised gag reflex. The procedure was well tolerated. Ultrahigh-speed SS-OCT generated cross-sectional and subsurface en face images showing BE features, while subsurface en face images were required to assess the gastro-oesophageal junction. Candidate features of dysplasia were also identified which could inform follow-up endoscopy/biopsy. BE features were seen in all patients with histologically confirmed BE. Mean capsule contact over BE was 75%±27% for all patients and better in short segment BE. Mean longitudinal image coverage over BE was 59%±34% and better for long segment BE.ConclusionsUltrahigh-speed tethered capsule SS-OCT can image en face and cross-sectional mucosal features over wide areas. Device and procedure optimisation improved performance. BE features could be identified in all patients, but limited capsule contact and longitudinal coverage could cause sampling errors for focal pathologies.

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Optical coherence tomography angiography for the detection of macular neovascularization—comparison of en face versus cross-sectional view

Eye ◽

10.1038/s41433-021-01892-5 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Siggel ◽

Christel Spital ◽

Anna Lentzsch ◽

Sandra Liakopoulos

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Swept Source ◽

Face Images ◽

En Face ◽

En Face Imaging ◽

Subretinal Hyperreflective Material

Abstract Purpose To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of swept source-optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) en face images versus cross-sectional OCTA versus a combination of both for the detection of macular neovascularization (MNV). Design Prospective cohort study. Participants Consecutive patients with various chorioretinal diseases and subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) and/or pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on OCT possibly corresponding to MNV in at least one eye. Methods 102 eyes of 63 patients with fluorescein angiography (FA), OCT and SS-OCTA performed on the same day were included. FA images, the outer retina to choriocapillaris (ORCC) OCTA en face slab, a manually modified en face slab (‘custom slab’), cross-sectional OCTA and a combination of OCTA en face and cross-section were evaluated for presence of MNV. Main outcome measures Sensitivity and specificity for MNV detection, as well as the concordance was calculated using FA as the reference. Results OCTA en face imaging alone yielded a sensitivity of 46.3% (automated)/78.1% (custom) and specificity of 93.4% (automated)/88.5% (custom) for MNV detection. Cross-sectional OCTA (combination with en face) resulted in a sensitivity of 85.4% (82.9%) and specificity of 82.0% (85.3%). Concordance to FA was moderate for automated en face OCTA (κ = 0.43), and substantial for custom en face OCTA (κ = 0.67), cross-sectional OCTA (κ = 0.66) and the combination (κ = 0.68). Conclusion Segmentation errors result in decreased sensitivity for MNV detection on automatically generated OCTA en face images. Cross-sectional OCTA allows detection of MNV without manual modification of segmentation lines and should be used for evaluation of MNV on OCTA.

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Investigation of the Etiology of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography and Indocyanine Green Angiography

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000448342 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 236 (2) ◽

pp. 100-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ari Shinojima ◽

Kyoko Fujita ◽

Ryusaburo Mori ◽

Akiyuki Kawamura ◽

Mitsuko Yuzawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Indocyanine Green ◽

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Indocyanine Green Angiography ◽

Late Phase ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Swept Source ◽

Face Images ◽

En Face ◽

Swept Source Oct

Purpose: To identify locations of hypofluorescent lesions on late-phase indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT). Procedures: We retrospectively studied 25 consecutive untreated CSC patients, using swept-source OCT and ICGA. En-face swept-source OCT images were automatically segmented and flattened with Bruch's membrane (BrM). We compared the sizes of hyperreflective areas in the 25 CSC and 25 contralateral eyes on en-face images and hypofluorescent areas on ICGA after 30 min. Results: All 25 CSC eyes and 13 contralateral eyes showed abnormal hypofluorescent areas on late-phase ICGA and hyperreflective areas on en-face OCT from BrM to the choriocapillaris, and these findings correlated with the abnormal areas (r = 0.9988; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In CSC patients, we detected abnormal hypofluorescence on ICGA in the late phase, which corresponded to abnormal hyperreflective areas from BrM to the choriocapillaris level in en-face images.

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Correlations among age, sex, axial length, and subfoveal choroidal thickness in the choriocapillaris structure analyzed using multiple en face image averaging optical coherence tomography angiography

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259880

Author(s):

Ai Ichioka ◽

Sotaro Ooto ◽

Akihito Uji ◽

Saki Manabe ◽

Chieko Shiragami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Axial Length ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Swept Source ◽

Face Images ◽

En Face ◽

Flow Void ◽

The Mean

Purpose To analyze the structure of the choriocapillaris in healthy eyes by using averaged en face images acquired using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography and to examine the changes in the macular profile in relation to age, sex, axial length, and choroidal thickness. Methods This prospective, cross-sectional study included 81 eyes of 81 subjects without ophthalmologic or systemic diseases who underwent a full ophthalmologic examination, including 3 × 3-mm macular optical coherence tomography angiography. Four to nine choriocapillaris en face images were registered and averaged. The averaged images were then binarized and analyzed. Results The averaged choriocapillaris images showed a continuous capillary meshwork, whereas the unaveraged images had a granular appearance. The mean total area and size of flow voids were 0.99 ± 0.20 mm2 and 567.8 ± 201.5 μm2, respectively, and these values correlated positively with age (p = 0.002, R = 0.336 and p = 0.026, R = 0.247, respectively). Age-related gains in the mean total area and flow void size were 4.20 × 10−3 mm2 and 3.07 μm2 per year, respectively. However, the mean total area and flow void size had no significant correlation with axial length, subfoveal choroidal thickness, or sex. Conclusions Multiple averaged en face swept source optical coherence tomography angiography is more effective than a single optical coherence tomography angiography scan for better visualizing the choriocapillaris. The total area and size of flow voids within a 3 × 3-mm macular area positively correlated with age. This technique can be useful for investigating the changes arising in macular diseases.

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