Sudden infant death syndrome prevention

AbstractWe looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence for successful strategies to prevent the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).We conducted a literature search up to the 14th of December 2020 by using key terms and manual search in selected sources. We summarized the recommendations and the strength of the recommendation when and as reported by the authors. We summarized the main findings of systematic reviews with the certainty of the evidence as reported.Current evidence supports statistical associations between risk factors and SIDS, but there is globally limited evidence by controlled studies assessing the effect of the social promotion strategies to prevent SIDS through knowledge, attitude and practices, due to obvious ethical reasons. A dramatic decline in SIDS incidence has been observed in many countries after the introduction of “Back to Sleep” campaigns for prevention of SIDS. All infants should be placed to sleep in a safe environment including supine position, a firm surface, no soft objects and loose bedding, no head covering, no overheating, and room-sharing without bed-sharing. Breastfeeding on demand and the use of pacifier during sleep time protect against SIDS and should be recommended. Parents should be advised against the use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs during gestation and after birth.

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Periodic Breathing in Infants With Near-Miss Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.63.3.355 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 355-360

Author(s):

Dorothy H. Kelly ◽

Daniel C. Shannon

Keyword(s):

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Average Duration ◽

Periodic Breathing ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Near Miss ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Time Average

Twelve-hour nocturnal home recordings of respiration and heart rates were obtained during sleep in 32 infants with near-miss sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and in 32 control infants, and the recordings were analyzed for periodic breathing. An episode of periodic breathing was defined as three or more apneic pauses of three or more seconds. The duration of respirations interrupting the pauses was 20 seconds or less. Analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (P < .001) between the two groups, using criteria of percent of periodic breathing episodes, number of periodic breathing episodes/100 min of recorded sleep time, average duration of all episodes, and duration of the longest episode of periodic breathiflg. It is concluded that periodic breathing is present in excessive amounts during sleep in infants with near-miss sudden infant death svndrome.

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Risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0458 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Aghata Marina de Faria Oliveira ◽

Paula Rosenberg de Andrade ◽

Eliana Moreira Pinheiro ◽

Ariane Ferreira Machado Avelar ◽

Priscila Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Medical Records ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Primary Care Unit ◽

Bed Sharing ◽

Soft Objects

ABSTRACT Objectives: To verify the occurrence of the risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome during nursing consultation. Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted based on medical records from a primary care unit in the municipality of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 63 infants assisted from January to December 2016. Results: The average age of infants was 3.2 months. The main risk factors identified were the presence of soft objects in the crib (93.6%) and bed sharing (58.7%). Predominant protective factors were breastfeeding (95.2%) followed by updated immunization (90.5%). Conclusions: Risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome were identified in the study sample, indicating the importance of addressing the issue with families of children under 1 year of age to prevent the occurrence of such events.

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The Genetics of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome—Towards a Gene Reference Resource

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12020216 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 216

Author(s):

Emma B. Johannsen ◽

Linda B. Baughn ◽

Neeraj Sharma ◽

Nicolina Zjacic ◽

Mehdi Pirooznia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Neural Development ◽

Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Disease Etiology ◽

Go Terms

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected death of an infant under one year of age that remains unexplained after a thorough investigation. Despite SIDS remaining a diagnosis of exclusion with an unexplained etiology, it is widely accepted that SIDS can be caused by environmental and/or biological factors, with multiple underlying candidate genes. However, the lack of biomarkers raises questions as to why genetic studies on SIDS to date are unable to provide a clearer understanding of the disease etiology. We sought to improve the identification of SIDS-associated genes by reviewing the SIDS genetic literature and objectively categorizing and scoring the reported genes based on the strength of evidence (from C1 (high) to C5 (low)). This was followed by analyses of function, associations between genes, the enrichment of gene ontology (GO) terms, and pathways and gender difference in tissue gene expression. We constructed a curated database for SIDS gene candidates consisting of 109 genes, 14 of which received a category 4 (C4) and 95 genes received the lowest category of C5. That none of the genes was classified into the higher categories indicates the low level of supporting evidence. We found that genes of both scoring categories show distinct networks and are highly diverse in function and involved in many GO terms and pathways, in agreement with the perception of SIDS as a heterogeneous syndrome. Genes of both scoring categories are part of the cardiac system, muscle, and ion channels, whereas immune-related functions showed enrichment for C4 genes. A limited association was found with neural development. Overall, inconsistent reports and missing metadata contribute to the ambiguity of genetic studies. Considering those parameters could help improve the identification of at-risk SIDS genes. However, the field is still far from offering a full-pledged genetic test to identify at-risk infants and is still hampered with methodological challenges and misunderstandings of the vulnerabilities of vital biological mechanisms.

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Periodic Breathing in Siblings of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Victims

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.66.4.515 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 515-520

Author(s):

Dorothy H. Kelly ◽

Alexander M. Walker ◽

Lucienne Cahen ◽

Daniel C. Shannon

Keyword(s):

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Infant Death ◽

Average Duration ◽

Periodic Breathing ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant

To determine the incidence of periodic breathing (PB) episodes during sleep, 48 subsequent sudden infant death syndrome siblings and 48 control infants, matched by sex, gestational age, and chronologic age, were studied by home pneumogram technique. The sudden infant death syndrome siblings had a statistically significant increase in the percent of sleep time spent in PB, in the number of episodes/100 minutes of PB, in the longest episode of PB, and in the average duration of all episodes of PB. We conclude that PB is present in a higher amount in sudden infant death syndrome siblings as compared to control infants.

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