Abstract
Background: Pituitary tumors (PT) can present with neuropsychiatric symptoms. It has been associated with hormonal changes, as well as extension of the tumor to the diencephalon. Psychopathology has been reported in up to 83% in Cushing Disease (CD) and 35% in acromegaly (ACR). Psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety and psychosis) have been reported up to 77% in CD and 63% in ACR. We present a rare case of a patient presenting with acute psychosis and a PT apoplexy. Case: A 27 year-old Caucasian female with a PMH of primary hypothyroidism presented with a 15-day history of delusions. She had delusional ideas on the subject of harm and prejudice, persecutory and mystical-religious. The mechanism was mainly intuitive and interpretive with false acknowledgments. She also had sleep disturbance, death ideation and subacute alteration of consciousness. There was no history of substance abuse or psychiatric disorders. She did not report headaches, visual disturbances, symptoms of hormone hypersecretion or hypopituitarism. She had regular menses on BCP. She had no family history of mental illnesses. Physical exam revealed reluctance, latency in responses and bradypsychia. She did not have acromegalic or cushingoid features. She was diagnosed with acute psychosis with atypical features so a brain CT was performed, which showed a sellar mass. Pituitary MRI revealed a sellar mass measuring 15x12x13 mm, with suprasellar extension, optic chiasm compression, hyperintense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted imaging compatible with subacute hemorrhage. She was treated with neuroleptics and benzodiazepines. Lab work revealed high prolactin (PRL) (114ng/dl), and normal 8 AM cortisol, FT4, LH, FSH and IGF-1 levels. Repeated PRL was 31,6 ng/dl after changing psychiatric treatment to aripiprazole. Her psychiatric symptoms improved. We postulate a diagnosis of PT apoplexy that presented with acute psychosis. In relation to the nature of the PT we postulate a non functioning pituitary adenoma (NFA) or a partial resolution of a prolactinoma after apoplexy. A follow up MRI is pending. Discussion: Infrequently, psychiatric symptoms may be the primary manifestation of brain tumors. Patients with PT have been reported to have altered quality of life, reduced coping strategies, increased prevalence of psychopathological alterations and maladaptive personality disorders. In addition, they can present with psychotic symptoms, mostly reported with hormone excess (GH and cortisol). Psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and neurosis have been reported in NFA and prolactinomas. However, it is not clear a higher prevalence of psychiatric illnesses in these tumors. To our knowledge this is the first case of a pituitary tumor apoplexy presenting with acute psychosis. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms can be the first manifestation of PT, so atypical presentations should warrant further workup with brain imaging.
Acute hypopituitarism associated with periorbital swelling and cardiac dysfunction in a patient with pituitary tumor apoplexy: a case report
