Literature Review : Penerapan Teknik Relaksasi Genggam Jari Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Operasi Appendiktomi

Appendicitis is inflammation due to infection of the appendix or appendix. One of the actions of acute appendix patients is by means of surgery or what is called an appendectomy which is an invasive action by opening the part of the body to be treated, as well as complaints that are often felt after surgery (post surgery), the patient feels very intense pain. Pain is a form of discomfort defined in various perspectives. Finger hold relaxation is a non-pharmacological treatment that can be used to treat pain. The purpose of scientific papers is to describe the effect of finger grip relaxation techniques to reduce pain in post appendectomy surgery patients. The method was carried out by searching several research journals entitled the effect of finger grip relaxation techniques on reducing pain in post appendectomy patients. The results obtained after the finger grip relaxation action were reduced pain intensity. The conclusion of this scientific paper is that finger grip relaxation can reduce pain intensity in post appendectomy surgery patients. Suggestions for nurses are expected to be able to apply finger grasping techniques to reduce pain intensity in post appendectomy surgery patients.Keywoard: Appendicitis, Post Appendectomy Surgery, Pain, Finger Grip Relaxation. AbstrakAppendicitis adalah peradangan akibat infeksi pada usus buntu atau umbai cacing. Salah satu tindakan pasien appendiks akut adalah dengan cara pembedahan atau yang disebut appendiktomy yang merupakan tindakan invasive dengan membuka bagian tubuh yang akan ditangani, serta keluhan yang sering dirasakan setelah pembedahan (pasca operasi) pasien merasakan nyeri yang sangat hebat. Nyeri merupakan bentuk ketidaknyamanan yang didefinisikan dalam berbagai perspektif. Relaksasi genggam jari atau finger hold adalah tindakan pengobatan non farmakologi yang dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan dalam mengatasi nyeri. Tujuan dari karya tulis ilmiah adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang pengaruh teknik relaksasi genggam jari untuk menurunkan nyeri pada pasien post operasi appendiktomi. Metode yang dilakukan dengan mencari beberapa jurnal penelitian yang berjudul tentang pengaruh teknik relaksasi genggam jari terhadap penurunan nyeri pada pasien post appendiktomi. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah dilakukan tindakan relaksasi genggam jari intensitas nyeri berkurang. Kesimpulan karya tulis ilmiah ini bahwa tindakan relaksasi genggam jari dapat mengurangi intensitas nyeri pada pasien post operasi appendiktomi. Saran bagi perawat diharapkan dapat menerapkan teknik genggam jari untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri pada pasien post operasi appendiktomi.Kata kunci: Appendicitis, Post Operasi Appendiktomi, Nyeri, Relaksasi Genggam Jari.

TOXIC AND IMMUNE ALLERGIC RESPONSES OF ANT VENOM TOXINS: A REVIEW

Present review article explains ant venom components and its allergic and biological effects in man and animals. Red ants or small fire ants secrete and inject venom very swiftly to defend their nest against predators, microbial pathogens, and competitors and to hunt the prey. Ant venom is a mixture of various organic compounds, including peptides, enzymes, and polypeptide toxins. It is highly toxic, allergic, invasive and venomous. It imposes sever paralytic, cytolytic, haemolytic, allergenic, pro-inflammatory, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and pain-producing pharmacologic activities after infliction. Victims show red ring-shaped allergic sign with regional swelling marked with intense pain. Ant venom also contains several hydrolases, oxidoreductases, proteases, Kunitz-like polypeptides, and inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK)-like (knottin) neurotoxins and insect defensins. Ant venom toxins/proteins generate allergic immune responses and employ eosinophils and produce Th2 cytokines, response. These compounds from ant venom could be used as a potential source of new anticonvulsants molecules. Ant venoms contain many small, linear peptides, an untapped source of bioactive peptide toxins. The remarkable insecticidal activity of ant venom could be used as a promising source of additional bio-insecticides and therapeutic agents.

NICOLAU SYNDROME IN A CHILD FOLLOWING IV CLINDAMYCIN INJECTION-DECODING THE PURPLE PUZZLER

Nicolau syndrome is a rare complication of intramuscular injections caused by various drugs that present with intense pain and induration at the injection site. It is characterized by local aseptic skin necrosis and rarely, muscle necrosis on the injection site. It has rarely been reported to occur after intramuscular injections of anti-inammatory drugs, corticosteroids, local anesthetics, penicillin and interferon. Our literature review revealed no cases of Nicolau syndrome following intravenous (IV) clindamycin injections. Herein, we report a case of Nicolau syndrome that occurred after IV clindamycin injection in the left forearm of a 1.5-year child, that was notable because of the uniqueness of the syndrome coupled with the fact that it has not previously been reported after intravenous clindamycin injection.

“You Have to Accept the Pain”: Body Callusing and Body Capital in Circus Aerialism

Little sociological research has examined the work of circus aerialists. Drawing from interviews with 31 circus aerialists in Canada, we explore what aerialists say about their bodies. Circus aerialism is an intense form of physical work, and aerialists endure intense pain during training and performance. Engaging with sociologies of the body and injury, we examine how body capital is generated, maintained, and lost in the career of the aerialist, as well as how injury accelerates this process. Injury and “aging out” of the circus are prominent themes in what aerialists say about their bodies. Arguing that circus aerialism is an undervalued form of work in which risk accumulates in aerialist bodies, we explore how aerialist bodies provide tacit cues about how to avoid injury and when to consider retirement. In the conclusion, we explain how this work contributes to sociologies of the body and circus.

Pharmacogenomic Testing and Patient Perception Inform Pain Pharmacotherapy

(1) Background: Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons for individuals to seek medications. Historically, opioids have been the mainstay of chronic pain management. However, in some patient populations, opioids fail to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy, whereas in other populations, opioids may cause toxic effects, even at lower doses. Response to pain medication is affected by many factors, including an individual’s genetic variations. Pharmacogenomic testing has been designed to help achieve optimal treatment outcomes. This study aimed at assessing the impact of CYP2D6 pharmacogenomic testing on physicians’ choice in prescribing chronic pain medications and patient pain control. (2) Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 107 patient charts from a single site pain management center. All 107 patients received pharmacogenomic testing. The outcomes of interest were confirmation that the optimal pain medication is being administered or a change in the chronic pain medication is warranted as a result of the pharmacogenomic testing. The main independent variable was the pharmacogenomic test result. Other independent variables included patient gender, race, and comorbidities. The retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Touro College and University System IRB, HSIRB1653E. (3) Results: Patients self-reported pain intensity on a scale of 1–10 before and after pharmacogenomic testing. Then, 100% of patients in the retrospective study were tested for their pain pharmacogenomic profile. Of the 107 patients participating in the study, more than 50% had their medications altered as a result of the pharmacogenomic testing. The percentage of patients with intense pain were decreased post-pharmacogenomic testing (5.6%) as compared to pre-pharmacogenomic testing (10.5%). Patients with intense, moderate, and mild pain categories were more likely to receive changes in pain medications. In contrast, patients with severe pain were less likely to receive a change in pain medication. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with a statistically significantly decrease in a pain scale category. Illegal drug abuse was associated with a decrease in pain scale category. Change in medication dose was associated with a decrease in pain scale category. (4) Conclusion: In this retrospective study, implementation of pharmacogenomic testing demonstrated significant benefits to patients with intense pain undergoing treatment.

Proximal epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva: A case report and review of the literature

Primary sarcomas of the vulva are rare, with an incidence of 1.5% to 5% of all vulvar malignancies. There are only 41 cases described in the English literature of proximal epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva, which also constitutes a highly aggressive neoplasm with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. We are reporting the first case of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma reported in our country, Peru, and Latin America. We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with no significant history who presented a large tumor mass of 25 cm in the left hemivulva of 2 years of evolution, associated with intense pain. She underwent radical surgical resection with left inguinopelvic lymphadenectomy and reconstruction of Rectus Abdominal Muscle Myocutaneous Flaps (TRAM).

Posner – Schlossman Syndrome: case report

Introduction: Posner - Schlossman Syndrome (PSS) is a rare disease, more prevalent in men between 20 and 50 years old, characterized by recurrent attacks of anterior uveitis and ocular hypertension. Clinical case: We report the case of a 42-year-old patient with a single eye. He came to the consultation presenting decreased visual acuity, photobobia, halos around the lights, and intense pain in his left eye. The ophthalmological examination revealed inflammatory signs in the anterior segment, elevated intraocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve. Medical treatment was started with corticosteroids and topical antiglaucoma drugs, oral acetazolamide and intravenous mannitol, obtaining no response and it was decided to perform a surgical intervention (Ahmed valve implantation) in the left eye, subsequently achieving a good clinical evolution and resolution of the case. Conclusion: This report highlights that the episodic and recurrent nature of SPS requires strict monitoring.

Fájdalomtünetek és a fájdalomcsillapítás lehetőségei SARS-CoV-2-környezetben

Összefoglaló. Az új koronavírusként megismert SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés legsúlyosabb szövődményeként a gyulladásos folyamatok jelátvivő molekuláinak elszabadulása – az ún. citokinvihar – kritikus légzési elégtelenséggel társuló akut respirációs diszfunkciós szindrómát vagy többszervi gyulladásos szindrómát okoz. Mostanáig igazolódott, hogy a fertőzések legnagyobb részben tünetmentesen vagy enyhe tünetekkel zajlanak. A betegség minden szakaszában előfordulhat enyhe vagy középsúlyos, ritkábban intenzív fájdalom, melyek enyhítésére számos fájdalomcsillapítási lehetőség áll rendelkezésre. A pandémia kezdete óta foglalkoznunk kell a tünetek enyhítésével, akár infektológiai osztályon, akár műtéti ellátás alkalmával. A betegek hazaengedését követően figyelmet kell fordítanunk az intenzív osztályos ellátás utáni és a COVID–19-et követő tünetek és fájdalmak értékelésére. Időszerű átfogó összefoglalónkban hangsúlyozzuk a különböző fájdalomcsillapítók szerepét a COVID–19-fertőzéssel összefüggő fájdalommal járó folyamatokban. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1511–1519. Summary. As the most severe consequence of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cytokine storm – caused by the liberalization of several inflammatory mediators – engenders critical respiratory dysfunction syndrome or multisystem inflammatory syndrome. The most proportion of infections has proven symptomless or with very mild signs of disease so far. Mild, moderate, or rarely intense pain can occur in every phase of the disease, for the treatment of which more than a few analgesic possibilities are readily available. From the start of the pandemic, we have been concerning to ameliorate the symptoms, in either the department of infectology, or operating suites. The post-intensive care pain and post-COVID symptoms should be evaluated and treated after discharge. In this timely and comprehensive article, the role and importance of different analgesics are articulated regarding the COVID-associated painful conditions. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1511–1519.

The paradox of the velvet-ant (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae)

Female diurnal velvet-ants are among the insects most strongly protected against predation. These protections include an exceedingly hard and tightly fitting integument, powerful legs and rapid running ability, aposematic color, aposematic warning stridulation, aposematic odor, and, most famously, legendarily powerful stings. Small to medium-sized velvet-ants were rarely injured or killed in tests against potential predators. Velvet-ant stings are painful, often exceedingly so, but have low toxicity or lethality and are of defensive value primarily by causing intense pain. Despite being well defended against predators they do not form night-time resting aggregations that might enhance mutual protection.

Using Convolutional Neural Network with Taguchi Parametric Optimization for Knee Segmentation from X-Ray Images

Loss of knee cartilage can cause intense pain at the knee epiphysis and this is one of the most common diseases worldwide. To diagnose this condition, the distance between the femur and tibia is calculated based on X-ray images. Accurate segmentation of the femur and tibia is required to assist in the calculation process. Several studies have investigated the use of automatic knee segmentation to assist in the calculation process, but the results are of limited value owing to the complexity of the knee. To address this problem, this study exploits deep learning for robust segmentation not affected by the environment. In addition, the Taguchi method is applied to optimize the deep learning results. Deep learning architecture, optimizer, and learning rate are considered for the Taguchi table to check the impact and interaction of the results. When the Dilated-Resnet architecture is used with the Adam optimizer and a learning rate of 0.001, dice coefficients of 0.964 and 0.942 are obtained for the femur and tibia for knee segmentation. The implemented procedure and the results of this investigation may be beneficial to help in determining the correct margins for the femur and tibia and can be the basis for developing an automatic diagnosis algorithm for orthopedic diseases.