scholarly journals Some inequalities for Csiszár divergence via theory of time scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqrar Ansari ◽  
Khuram Ali Khan ◽  
Ammara Nosheen ◽  
Ðilda Pečarić ◽  
Josip Pečarić
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Divergence Measures

AbstractIn this paper, we present some inequalities for Csiszár f-divergence between two probability measures on time scale. These results extend some known results in the literature and offer new results in h-discrete calculus and quantum calculus. We also present several inequalities for divergence measures.

scholarly journals Estimation of divergence measures via weighted Jensen inequality on time scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqrar Ansari ◽  
Khuram Ali Khan ◽  
Ammara Nosheen ◽  
Ðilda Pečarić ◽  
Josip Pečarić
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Jensen’S Inequality ◽  
Jensen Inequality ◽  
Jensen's Inequality ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Divergence Measures ◽  
Zipf Law ◽  
New Inequalities

AbstractThe main purpose of the presented paper is to obtain some time scale inequalities for different divergences and distances by using weighted time scales Jensen’s inequality. These results offer new inequalities in h-discrete calculus and quantum calculus and extend some known results in the literature. The lower bounds of some divergence measures are also presented. Moreover, the obtained discrete results are given in the light of the Zipf–Mandelbrot law and the Zipf law.

scholarly journals A Note on Integral Inequalities on Time Scales Associated with Ostrowski’s Type

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Saeeda Fatima Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Muddassar
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Integral Inequalities ◽  
Quantum Calculus

Inequalities become a hot topic for researcher due to its wide applications in means and sum, numerical integration, quantum calculus. Different generalizations and refinements are made by researchers. Here, in this article, we give another generalization of integral inequalities and harmonizing them on time scale T from R.

scholarly journals Estimation of divergences on time scales via the Green function and Fink’s identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqrar Ansari ◽  
Khuram Ali Khan ◽  
Ammara Nosheen ◽  
Ðilda Pečarić ◽  
Josip Pečarić
Keyword(s):  
Green Function ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Convex Functions ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Divergence Measures ◽  
The Green Function ◽  
Fink’S Identity

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to obtain new generalizations of an inequality for n-convex functions involving Csiszár divergence on time scales using the Green function along with Fink’s identity. Some new results in h-discrete calculus and quantum calculus are also presented. Moreover, inequalities for some divergence measures are also deduced.

scholarly journals Estimation of divergence measures on time scales via Taylor’s polynomial and Green’s function with applications in q-calculus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqrar Ansari ◽  
Khuram Ali Khan ◽  
Ammara Nosheen ◽  
Ðilda Pečarić ◽  
Josip Pečarić
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Convex Functions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Divergence Measures ◽  
New Inequalities

AbstractTaylor’s polynomial and Green’s function are used to obtain new generalizations of an inequality for higher order convex functions containing Csiszár divergence on time scales. Various new inequalities for some divergence measures in quantum calculus and h-discrete calculus are also established.

scholarly journals Generalized Weighted Ostrowski, Trapezoid and Grüss Type Inequalities on Time Scales

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. El-Deeb ◽  
H. A. Elsennary ◽  
Eze R. Nwaeze
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Type Inequality ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Arbitrary Time ◽  
Ostrowski Type Inequality ◽  
Grüss Type Inequalities ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Delta Derivatives

Abstract In this article, using two parameters, we obtain generalizations of a weighted Ostrowski type inequality and its companion inequalities on an arbitrary time scale for functions whose first delta derivatives are bounded. Our work unifies the continuous and discrete versions and can also be applied to the quantum calculus case.

scholarly journals Multivariate Dynamic Sneak-Out Inequalities on Time Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ammara Nosheen ◽  
Aneeqa Aslam ◽  
Khuram Ali Khan ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Awan ◽  
Hamid Reza Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Induction Principle

In this study, we extend some “sneak-out” inequalities on time scales for a function depending on more than one parameter. The results are proved by using the induction principle and time scale version of Minkowski inequalities. In seeking applications, these inequalities are discussed in classical, discrete, and quantum calculus.

scholarly journals Necessary Condition for an Euler-Lagrange Equation on Time Scales

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Dryl ◽  
Delfim F. M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Integrodifferential Equation ◽  
Dynamic Equation ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Lagrange Equation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Arbitrary Time

We prove a necessary condition for a dynamic integrodifferential equation to be an Euler-Lagrange equation. New and interesting results for the discrete and quantum calculus are obtained as particular cases. An example of a second order dynamic equation, which is not an Euler-Lagrange equation on an arbitrary time scale, is given.

New generalized 2D Ostrowski type inequalities on time scales with k2 points using a parameter

Filomat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 3155-3169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Kermausuor ◽  
Eze Nwaeze
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Type Inequality ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Ostrowski Type Inequality ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Recently, a new Ostrowski type inequality on time scales for k points was proved in [G. Xu, Z. B. Fang: A Generalization of Ostrowski type inequality on time scales with k points. Journal of Mathematical Inequalities (2017), 11(1):41-48]. In this article, we extend this result to the 2-dimensional case. Besides extension, our results also generalize the three main results of Meng and Feng in the paper [Generalized Ostrowski type inequalities for multiple points on time scales involving functions of two independent variables. Journal of Inequalities and Applications (2012), 2012:74]. In addition, we apply some of our theorems to the continuous, discrete, and quantum calculus to obtain more interesting results in this direction. We hope that results obtained in this paper would find their place in approximation and numerical analysis.

scholarly journals GNSS-to-GNSS time offsets: study on the broadcast of a common reference time

GPS Solutions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Sesia ◽  
Giovanna Signorile ◽  
Tung Thanh Thai ◽  
Pascale Defraigne ◽  
Patrizia Tavella
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Reference Time ◽  
Single Time ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Prediction Quality ◽  
Common Time ◽  
Time Offset ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Uncertainty

AbstractWe present two different approaches to broadcasting information to retrieve the GNSS-to-GNSS time offsets needed by users of multi-GNSS signals. Both approaches rely on the broadcast of a single time offset of each GNSS time versus one common time scale instead of broadcasting the time offsets between each of the constellation pairs. The first common time scale is the average of the GNSS time scales, and the second time scale is the prediction of UTC already broadcast by the different systems. We show that the average GNSS time scale allows the estimation of the GNSS-to-GNSS time offset at the user level with the very low uncertainty of a few nanoseconds when the receivers at both the provider and user levels are fully calibrated. The use of broadcast UTC prediction as a common time scale has a slightly larger uncertainty, which depends on the broadcast UTC prediction quality, which could be improved in the future. This study focuses on the evaluation of two different common time scales, not considering the impact of receiver calibration, at the user and provider levels, which can nevertheless have an important impact on GNSS-to-GNSS time offset estimation.

Sensor-Based Estimation of Dim Light Melatonin Onset Using Features of Two Time Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Cheng Wan ◽  
Andrew W. Mchill ◽  
Elizabeth B. Klerman ◽  
Akane Sano
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Dim Light Melatonin Onset ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Circadian rhythms influence multiple essential biological activities, including sleep, performance, and mood. The dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is the gold standard for measuring human circadian phase (i.e., timing). The collection of DLMO is expensive and time consuming since multiple saliva or blood samples are required overnight in special conditions, and the samples must then be assayed for melatonin. Recently, several computational approaches have been designed for estimating DLMO. These methods collect daily sampled data (e.g., sleep onset/offset times) or frequently sampled data (e.g., light exposure/skin temperature/physical activity collected every minute) to train learning models for estimating DLMO. One limitation of these studies is that they only leverage one time-scale data. We propose a two-step framework for estimating DLMO using data from both time scales. The first step summarizes data from before the current day, whereas the second step combines this summary with frequently sampled data of the current day. We evaluate three moving average models that input sleep timing data as the first step and use recurrent neural network models as the second step. The results using data from 207 undergraduates show that our two-step model with two time-scale features has statistically significantly lower root-mean-square errors than models that use either daily sampled data or frequently sampled data.

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