scholarly journals Assessment of the optic nerve and its arterial supply by ultrasound imaging in multiple sclerosis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Mahmoud Al Kattan ◽  
Amira Ahmed Labib ◽  
Rania Shehata Ismail ◽  
Alshaimaa M. Aboul fotouh ◽  
Emad El Din Mostafa Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Flow Velocities

Abstract Background Transorbital sonography (TOS) has emerged as a promising assessment tool of the optic nerve and orbital arterial supply in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Objective To evaluate optic nerve diameter (OND), optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), and orbital hemodynamics using TOS in MS patients. Methods Forty MS patients and 28 matched healthy controls were included. Thirty-three eyes with previous optic neuritis (ON) and 47 eyes without previous ON of MS patients were examined. All subjects were submitted to assessment of OND, ONSD, and parameters of orbital hemodynamics using orbital ultrasound. Results OND and ONSD were smaller in MS eyes with previous ON than in controls. MS eyes with and without previous ON had statistically significant higher peak systolic and mean velocity of posterior ciliary arteries than the control eyes. Orbital blood flow velocities were negatively correlated with the duration of disease and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). A statistically significant decrease in blood flow velocities of the central retinal artery was detected in secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients than in relapsing-remitting MS patients (RRMS). Conclusion TOS can be used as a feasible tool to detect optic atrophy in MS patients. MS patients may have abnormal retrobulbar hemodynamics compared to healthy controls.

Blood Flow Velocities Are Reduced in the Optic Nerve of Children with Elevated Intracranial Pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijean M. Miller ◽  
Taeun Chang ◽  
Robert Keating ◽  
Eric Crouch ◽  
Craig Sable
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Elevated Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Flow Velocities

Color Doppler Imaging and Ocular Pulse Amplitude in Glaucomatous and Healthy Eyes

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Stalmans ◽  
Alon Harris ◽  
Steffen Fieuws ◽  
Thierry Zeyen ◽  
Veerle Vanbellinghen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Retrobulbar Vessels ◽  
Flow Velocities

Purpose To determine factors influencing color Doppler imaging (CDI) measurements, to compare retrobulbar flow velocities between patients with glaucoma and healthy controls, and to describe the correlation between CDI and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA). Methods Patients with normal tension (n=28) or primary open angle glaucoma (n=19) and healthy controls (n=22) underwent CDI and OPA measurements. Intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, blood pressure, and heart rate were also measured. Spearman correlations were used to explore relations among these variables. A regression model for repeated measures was applied to compare between diagnostic groups the flow velocity indices in the retrobulbar vessels. Results Retrobulbar diastolic blood flow velocities correlated with diastolic blood pressure and perfusion pressure (range of Spearman rho [ρ] coefficients=0.25–0.28; P=0.044–0.013 for the different vessels). Corneal thickness showed a positive correlation with systolic and diastolic flow velocities in the central retinal artery (ρ=0.29 and 0.31; P=0.017 and 0.011 for peak systolic and end diastolic velocity, respectively). Systolic and diastolic blood flow velocities were reduced in the retrobulbar vessels of patients with normal tension glaucoma (P=0.0004) as well as primary open angle glaucoma (P=0.003) compared to healthy controls. A correlation was found between OPA and the resistive index in the retrobulbar vessels of the healthy controls (range ρ=0.42–0.53; P=0.059–0.014). Conclusions Retrobulbar blood flow velocities are reduced in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma. Blood pressure and corneal thickness may influence CDI measurements. OPA correlates with the resistive index in CDI.

Higher optic nerve sheath diameters are associated with lower ocular blood flow velocities in glaucoma patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Willekens ◽  
Luís Abegão Pinto ◽  
Evelien Vandewalle ◽  
Carlos Marques-Neves ◽  
Ingeborg Stalmans
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Flow Velocities

scholarly journals Ultrasound findings of the optic nerve and its arterial venous system in multiple sclerosis patients with and without optic neuritis vs. healthy controls

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Carraro ◽  
Giovanna Servillo ◽  
Vittoria M. Sarra ◽  
Angelo Bignamini ◽  
Gilberto Pizzolato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

scholarly journals Regional reduction in cortical blood flow among cognitively impaired adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1421-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed-Parsa Hojjat ◽  
Charles Grady Cantrell ◽  
Rita Vitorino ◽  
Anthony Feinstein ◽  
Zahra Shirzadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Purpose: Detection of cortical abnormalities in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) remains elusive. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of cortical integrity are limited, although functional techniques such as pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) show promise as a surrogate marker of disease severity. We sought to determine the utility of pCASL to assess cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) in RRMS patients with (RRMS-I) and without (RRMS-NI) cognitive impairment. Methods: A total of 19 age-matched healthy controls and 39 RRMS patients were prospectively recruited. Cognition was assessed using the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS) battery. Cortical CBF was compared between groups using a mass univariate voxel-based morphometric analysis accounting for demographic and structural variable covariates. Results: Cognitive impairment was present in 51.3% of patients. Significant CBF reduction was present in the RRMS-I compared to other groups in left frontal and right superior frontal cortex. Compared to healthy controls, RRMS-I displayed reduced CBF in the frontal, limbic, parietal and temporal cortex, and putamen/thalamus. RRMS-I demonstrated reduced left superior frontal lobe cortical CBF compared to RRMS-NI. No significant cortical CBF differences were present between healthy controls and RRMS-NI. Conclusion: Significant cortical CBF reduction occurs in RRMS-I compared to healthy controls and RRMS-NI in anatomically significant regions after controlling for structural and demographic differences.

Transcranial Doppler findings in antiphospholipid syndrome

Lupus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
I F Ricarte ◽  
L A Dutra ◽  
O G P Barsottini ◽  
A W S de Souza ◽  
D C O de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Breath Holding Index ◽  
Flow Velocities

Introduction Transcranial Doppler is a method that enables the assessment of different cerebral hemodynamic parameters. It also allows for the evaluation of the presence of right-to-left circulation shunts (RLS) and for the detection of microembolic signals (MESs), which might be associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. For instance, the presence of MESs on transcranial Doppler in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. Therefore, transcranial Doppler could be a useful tool for stroke risk stratification in these patients. Objective Our objective was to evaluate transcranial Doppler cerebral mean blood flow velocities as well as the presence of MESs and RLS in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE. Patients and methods Twenty-two patients with primary APS (PAPS), 24 patients with secondary APS (SAPS), 27 patients with SLE without APS and 21 healthy controls were evaluated. Clinical and epidemiological data were compiled from medical charts, and all subjects underwent transcranial Doppler examination with breath-holding index calculation. Both middle cerebral arteries were monitored for 60 min for the detection of MESs. RLS was investigated with agitated saline injected as a bolus. Results There were no significant differences in mean blood flow velocities among the groups. MESs were more frequently found in patients with SLE when compared with controls and patients with APS (SLE: 17.4%, SAPS: 4.3%, PAPS: 0%, controls: 0%, p = 0.03). Anticoagulant therapy was more frequently used in the APS group (PAPS: 81.8%, SAPS: 75.2%, SLE: 1.7%, p < 0.001). Patients with APS had a higher frequency of RLS when compared with volunteers (63.6% versus 38.1%, p = 0.05). Breath-holding index values tended to be lower in patients with SAPS than in control subjects and patients with PAPS and SLE ( p = 0.06). Conclusions Patients with APS had a higher frequency of RLS than healthy controls. This finding alerts to the importance of cardiac investigation in patients with stroke and APS, because further therapies such as RLS occlusion might eventually add protection. The higher frequency of MES in patients with SLE could suggest an effect of anticoagulant therapy on MES prevention, more frequently used in patients with APS.

Optic Nerve and its Arterial-Venous Vascularization: An Ultrasonologic Study in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Controls

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Carraro ◽  
Giovanna Servillo ◽  
Vittoria Maria Sarra ◽  
Angelo Bignamini ◽  
Gilberto Pizzolato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Patterns of Cerebral Blood Flow and Systemic Hemodynamics During Arithmetic Processing

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Werner ◽  
Neval Kapan ◽  
Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamics ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Flow Velocities

The present study explored modulations in cerebral blood flow and systemic hemodynamics during the execution of a mental calculation task in 41 healthy subjects. Time course and lateralization of blood flow velocities in the medial cerebral arteries of both hemispheres were assessed using functional transcranial Doppler sonography. Indices of systemic hemodynamics were obtained using continuous blood pressure recordings. Doppler sonography revealed a biphasic left dominant rise in cerebral blood flow velocities during task execution. Systemic blood pressure increased, whereas heart period, heart period variability, and baroreflex sensitivity declined. Blood pressure and heart period proved predictive of the magnitude of the cerebral blood flow response, particularly of its initial component. Various physiological mechanisms may be assumed to be involved in cardiovascular adjustment to cognitive demands. While specific contributions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems may account for the observed pattern of systemic hemodynamics, flow metabolism coupling, fast neurogenic vasodilation, and cerebral autoregulation may be involved in mediating cerebral blood flow modulations. Furthermore, during conditions of high cardiovascular reactivity, systemic hemodynamic changes exert a marked influence on cerebral blood perfusion.

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