Assessment of the exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by different methods

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Scherer ◽  
Irmtrud Meger-Kossien ◽  
Kirsten Riedel ◽  
Thomas Renner ◽  
Michael Meger
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Muconic Acid ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Salivary Cotinine

1 In order to elucidate the role of exposure to environ-mental tobacco smoke (ETS) in various acute and chronic illnesses in children, it is important to assess the degree of exposure by suitable methods. For this purpose, we determined the exposure to ETS in 39 children (4-15 years) and 43 adults (16+ years) by questionnaires, personal diffusion samplers for nicotine, and cotinine measurements in saliva and urine. In addition, the influence of the smoking status and the location of the home (urban or suburban) on the benzene exposure of the children was investigated. 2 On average, the 24 children living in homes with at least one smoker were exposed to ETS for 3.1 h/d. This is significantly longer (P<0.001) than the daily exposure time of the 15 children from nonsmoking homes (0.3 h/d). The nicotine concentrations on the personal samplers worn over 7 days were 0.615 and 0.046 tghn3 for children from smoking and nonsmoking homes, respectively (P <0.001). Average salivary cotinine levels were 1.95 ng/ml in children from smoking homes and 0.11 ng/ml in children from nonsmoking homes (P<0.01). The corresponding urinary cotinine levels were 29.4 and 4.5 ng/mg creatinine (P<0.001). There was no difference in the extent of ETS exposure between children and adults from smoking households. Adults from nonsmoking homes tended to have higher ETS exposure than children from nonsmoking homes. 3 Exposure to benzene, which was determined by means of personal samplers, measurements of benzene in exhaled air and of the urinary benzene metabolite trans, trans-muconic acid, was not significantly related to the smoking status of the home but primarily dependent on the location of the home.

scholarly journals Effects of smoking cessation on biological monitoring markers in urine

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Kawasaki ◽  
Yun-Shan Li ◽  
Yuko Ootsuyama ◽  
Kazuhiko Nagata ◽  
Hiroshi Yamato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Abstract Introduction Urinary nicotine and cotinine levels are often measured as biomarkers for tobacco smoke exposure. However, these biomarkers are not appropriate to evaluate the effects of quitting smoking for several days, because of their short half-lives. In this study, we focused on the changes in the urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels of 55 patients in a smoking cessation program, because of the long half-life. At the same time, urinary 7-methylguanine (m7Gua) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as DNA damage markers of cigarette smoking, were also measured. Results In the subjects who completed the quit-smoking program (18 subjects out of 55), the urinary nicotine and cotinine levels decreased to 1.7 and 0.2% at 8 weeks after the first visit to the clinic. By contrast, the NNAL levels decreased to 12.3% at 8 weeks after quitting smoking. During the same period, the urinary m7Gua levels significantly decreased, from 27.32 μg/mg creatinine to 14.17 μg/mg creatinine by the elimination of subjects who showed increased levels of NNAL during the smoking cessation program. The 8-OHdG levels were also reduced within the same period, but were not significantly different. From the all data analysis, the urinary levels of cotinine and NNAL positively correlated with the level of m7Gua. Conclusions NNAL may be an appropriate exposure marker for evaluating the smoking status of patients in a smoking cessation program. The urinary cotinine and NNAL levels positively correlated with the m7Gua levels.

Misclassification of Smoking Status and Lung Cancer Risk from Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Never-Smokers

Epidemiology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Nyberg ◽  
Inger Isaksson ◽  
Jennifer R. Harris ◽  
Göran Pershagen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Never Smokers

scholarly journals Characterization of urinary cotinine concentrations among non-smoking adults in smoking and smoke-free homes in the Korean national environmental health survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3 (2015–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghoon Kim ◽  
In-Keun Shim ◽  
Soo Ran Won ◽  
Jungmin Ryu ◽  
Jongchun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Ventilation Duration ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Cotinine Concentration

Abstract Background Although many indoor public places have implemented smoke-free regulations, private homes have remained sources of tobacco smoke pollutants. This study examined differences in urinary cotinine concentrations in the Korean non-smoking adult population between living in smoking and smoke-free homes, and the relationship of urinary cotinine concentrations with socio-demographic factors in smoke-free homes. Methods Samples from 2575 non-smoking adults (≥19 years old) in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey cycle 3 (2015–2017), a representative Korean study, were used. Smoking and smoke-free homes were defined based on whether there were smokers at homes. Weighted linear regression models were used to determine urinary cotinine concentrations and identify factors associated with urinary cotinine. Results The geometric mean of urinary cotinine concentrations for non-smoking adults living in smoking homes was 2.1 μg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8–2.4), which was significantly higher than the mean of 1.3 μg/L (95% CI = 1.2–1.4) for those living in smoke-free homes. Urinary cotinine concentrations were different significantly by home smoking status in most socio-demographic subgroups. Data from smoke-free home showed urinary cotinine concentration in adults was significantly higher in those who lived in homes with ventilation duration < 30 min/day, those who spent more time indoors at home, those who spent less time outdoors, and those who worked in non-manual or manual occupations. Conclusions The urinary cotinine concentration in Korean non-smoking adults living in smoking homes was higher than that in adults living in smoke-free homes. Even in smoke-free homes, home-related factors, such as ventilation duration and time spent indoors, were associated with urinary cotinine concentration. Further study is warranted to examine potential sources of tobacco smoke pollution in smoke-free homes.

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