scholarly journals Genotype–environment interaction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Tienari ◽  
Lyman C. Wynne ◽  
Anneli Sorri ◽  
Ilpo Lahti ◽  
Kristian Läksy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adoptive Families ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

BackgroundEarlier adoption studies have convincingly confirmed the importance of a genetic contribution to schizophrenia. The designs, however, did not incorporate observations of the rearing-family environment.AimsTo test the hypothesis that genetic factors moderate susceptibility to environmentally mediated risks associated with rearing-family functioning.MethodA Finnish national sample of adopted-away offspring of mothers with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders was compared blindly with adoptees without this genetic risk. Adoptive rearing was assessed using family rating scales based upon extended family observations at initial assessment. Adoptees were independently re-diagnosed after a median interval of 12 years, with register follow-up after 21 years.ResultsIn adoptees at high genetic risk of schizophrenia, but not in those at low genetic risk, adoptive-family ratings were a significant predictor of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in adoptees at long-term follow-up.ConclusionsAdoptees at high genetic risk are significantly more sensitive to adverse v. ‘healthy’ rearing patterns in adoptive families than are adoptees at low genetic risk.

scholarly journals Self-disorders in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a 5-year follow-up study

2017 ◽  
Vol 268 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Nordgaard ◽  
Lars Siersbæk Nilsson ◽  
Ditte Sæbye ◽  
Josef Parnas
Keyword(s):  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Deinstitutionalization revisited: a 5-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial of hospital-based rehabilitation versus specialized assertive intervention (OPUS) versus standard treatment for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1619-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nordentoft ◽  
J. Øhlenschlæger ◽  
A. Thorup ◽  
L. Petersen ◽  
Pia Jeppesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Bed Days ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundThe effects of hospital-based rehabilitation including weekly supportive psychodynamic therapy compared with specialized assertive intervention and standard treatment has not previously been investigated in first-episode psychosis. The aim of the study was to examine long-term effect on use of institutional care of different intensive interventions for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder on use of psychiatric bed days and days in supported housing.MethodA total of 94 severely ill patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders were included in a special part of the Copenhagen OPUS trial and randomized to either the specialized assertive intervention program (OPUS), standard treatment or hospital-based rehabilitation.ResultsIt was a stable pattern that patients randomized to hospital-based rehabilitation spent more days in psychiatric wards and in supported housing throughout the 5-year follow-up period compared with the two other groups. Patients in OPUS treatment spent significantly fewer days in psychiatric wards and supported housing in the first 3 years compared with patients in hospital-based rehabilitation. Due to attrition and small sample size, differences in level of psychotic and negative symptoms at 5-year follow-up could not be evaluated.ConclusionsThe study indicates that hospital-based rehabilitation together with weekly supportive psychodynamic therapy was associated with a continued increased use of psychiatric bed days and days in supported housing. The data cannot justify using hospital-based rehabilitation in first-episode psychosis.

scholarly journals Can metacognitive interventions improve insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 2289-2301
Author(s):  
Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo ◽  
Olesya Ajnakina ◽  
Adela Sánchez-Escribano Martínez ◽  
Paula-Jhoana Escobedo-Aedo ◽  
Verónica González Ruiz-Ruano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Metacognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractBackgroundPatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) tend to lack insight, which is linked to poor outcomes. The effect size of previous treatments on insight changes in SSD has been small. Metacognitive interventions may improve insight in SSD, although this remains unproved.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effects of metacognitive interventions designed for SSD, namely Metacognitive Training (MCT) and Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT), on changes in cognitive and clinical insight at post-treatment and at follow-up.ResultsTwelve RCTs, including 10 MCT RCTs (n = 717 participants) and two MERIT trials (n = 90), were selected, totalling N = 807 participants. Regarding cognitive insight six RCTs (n = 443) highlighted a medium effect of MCT on self-reflectiveness at post-treatment, d = 0.46, p < 0.01, and at follow-up, d = 0.30, p < 0.01. There was a small effect of MCT on self-certainty at post-treatment, d = −0.23, p = 0.03, but not at follow-up. MCT was superior to controls on an overall Composite Index of cognitive insight at post-treatment, d = 1.11, p < 0.01, and at follow-up, d = 0.86, p = 0.03, although we found evidence of heterogeneity. Of five MCT trials on clinical insight (n = 244 participants), which could not be meta-analysed, four of them favoured MCT compared v. control. The two MERIT trials reported conflicting results.ConclusionsMetacognitive interventions, particularly Metacognitive Training, appear to improve insight in patients with SSD, especially cognitive insight shortly after treatment. Further long-term RCTs are needed to establish whether these metacognitive interventions-related insight changes are sustained over a longer time period and result in better outcomes.

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