scholarly journals The use of computerised tomography in mental handicap patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 616-618
Author(s):  
S. K. Lekh ◽  
B. K. Puri ◽  
I. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Since its inception (Hounsfield, 1973), computerised tomography (CT) has become an invaluable diagnostic and research tool, particularly in clinical neurology and neurosurgery. Clinically, CT has proved useful in differentiating between ‘functional’ and ‘organic’ psychiatric disorders where it is particularly helpful in the diagnosis of potentially treatable organic disorders. For example, Owens et al (1980) found clinically unsuspected intracranial pathology in 12 of 136 chronic schizophrenic patients examined by CT and Roberts & Lishman (1984) found diagnosis, management, and/or prognosis were influenced in approximately 12% of cases referred by psychiatrists for CT imagining.

Cerebellar morphology in chronic schizophrenic patients: A controlled computed tomography study

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantosh J. Dewan ◽  
Anand K. Pandurangi ◽  
Seungho Howard Lee ◽  
Tarakad Ramachandran ◽  
Benjamin F. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Memory performance of geriatric and nongeriatric chronic schizophrenic patients: A cross-sectional study

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE M. PUTNAM ◽  
PHILIP D. HARVEY
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Delayed Recognition ◽  
Learning Test

Memory functioning has been studied extensively in nongeriatric schizophrenic patients, leading to the suggestion that schizophrenic patients manifest a “subcortical” pattern of memory deficits. Few previous studies examined very poor outcome patients with a chronic course of hospitalization. This study examined the association of age and global cognitive dysfunction with verbal and spatial learning and delayed recall, as well as examining differential impairments in delayed recall as compared to delayed recognition memory. Sixty-six chronic schizophrenic patients were studied, with 30 of these patients over the age of 65. Verbal (California Verbal Learning Test) and spatial (Biber Figure Learning Test) serial learning and delayed memory tests were administered. All aspects of memory functioning were correlated with estimates of global cognitive status. When global cognitive status was controlled, age effects were still found for the majority of the memory measures. Delayed recognition memory was not spared, being performed as poorly as delayed recall. In contrast to previous studies of better-outcome patients with schizophrenia, geriatric patients with chronic schizophrenia performed more poorly than nongeriatric patients. The lack of sparing of delayed recognition memory suggests that previous findings of specific recall memory deficit and a subcortical profile of memory impairments may apply to schizophrenic patients with less severe global cognitive impairments. These data suggest that poor-outcome patients may have a pattern of memory impairments that has some features in common with cortical dementia. (JINS, 1999, 5, 494–501.)

scholarly journals Altered Glutathione Redox State in Schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey K. Yao ◽  
Sherry Leonard ◽  
Ravinder Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Positive Correlations

Altered antioxidant status has been reported in schizophrenia. The glutathione (GSH) redox system is important for reducing oxidative stress. GSH, a radical scavenger, is converted to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) through glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and converted back to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Measurements of GSH, GSSG and its related enzymatic reactions are thus important for evaluating the redox and antioxidant status. In the present study, levels of GSH, GSSG, GPx and GR were assessed in the caudate region of postmortem brains from schizophrenic patients and control subjects (with and without other psychiatric disorders). Significantly lower levels of GSH, GPx, and GR were found in schizophrenic group than in control groups without any psychiatric disorders. Concomitantly, a decreased GSH:GSSG ratio was also found in schizophrenic group. Moreover, both GSSG and GR levels were significantly and inversely correlated to age of schizophrenic patients, but not control subjects. No significant differences were found in any GSH redox measures between control subjects and individuals with other types of psychiatric disorders. There were, however, positive correlations between GSH and GPx, GSH and GR, as well as GPx and GR levels in control subjects without psychiatric disorders. These positive correlations suggest a dynamic state is kept in check during the redox coupling under normal conditions. By contrast, lack of such correlations in schizophrenia point to a disturbance of redox coupling mechanisms in the antioxidant defense system, possibly resulting from a decreased level of GSH as well as age-related decreases of GSSG and GR activities.

A preliminary report on sensory stimulative therapy with chronic schizophrenic patients.

Psychotherapy ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
A. B. Paige ◽  
H. J. McNamara ◽  
R. I. Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Negative Features, Retrieval Processes and Verbal Fluency in Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi A. Allen ◽  
Peter F. Liddle ◽  
Christopher D. Frith
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Normal Controls

Twenty chronic schizophrenic patients, ten matched normal controls and nine depressed controls performed categorical verbal fluency tasks for three minutes each on five separate occasions. On each occasion the schizophrenic patients generated significantly fewer words than the controls. Comparison of the different occasions showed that the schizophrenic patients had as many words available in their inner lexicons but were inefficient in retrieving them. The schizophrenic patients also generated fewer clusters of related words and more words outside the specified category. Reduced ability to generate words while the lexicon remained intact was more marked in patients with negative features. Patients with incoherence, in contrast, were more likely to produce inappropriate words. We propose that both poverty of speech and incoherence of speech reflect problems in the retrieval of words from the lexicon. To cope with these problems patients with poverty of speech terminate their search prematurely while the patients with incoherence commit errors in selecting words for output.

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