A Study of the Impacts and Control of Wet Weather Sources of Pollution on Large Rivers

The growth in horticultural and some industrial development in selected areas of Northland has led to a need for more specific and careful planning and control of limited resources in a number of major catchments. The potential irrigation demands for horhculture comprise over 60% of Northland's potential water requirements. By contrast, farm water supply needs are only 11% of these needs. Because of their importance to the Northland economy, and in the legislation these needs are given a high priority in water resource management planning. Land uses, including pastoral farming, require careful operation to reduce diffuse sources of pollution.

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Origins and characteristics of urban wet weather pollution in combined sewer systems: the experimental urban catchment “Le Marais” in Paris

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0010 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 35-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Marie-Christine Gromaire-Mertz ◽

Ghassan Chebbo ◽

Mohamed Saad

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Sewer System ◽

Urban Catchment ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Wet Weather ◽

Wet Weather Flow ◽

Different Sources

An experimental urban catchment has been created in the centre of Paris, in order to obtain a description of the pollution of urban wet weather flows at different levels of the combined sewer system, and to estimate the contribution of runoff, waste water and sewer sediments to this pollution. Twenty-two rainfall events were studied from May to October 1996. Dry weather flow was monitored for one week. Roof, street and yard runoff, total flow at the catchment outlet and waste water were analysed for SS, VSS, COD and BOD5, on both total and dissolved fraction. Results show an evolution in the characteristics of wet weather flow from up to downstream: concentrations increase from the catchment entry to the outlet, as well as the proportion of particle-bound pollutants and the part of organic matter. A first evaluation of the different sources of pollution establishes that a major part of wet weather flow pollution originates from inside the combined sewer, probably through erosion of sewer sediments.

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Removal of the organic surface layer in combined sewer sediment using a flushing gate

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2003.0211 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Laplace ◽

C. Oms ◽

M. Ahyerre ◽

G. Chebbo ◽

J. Lemasson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Organic Layer ◽

First Flush ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Water Flows ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Wet Weather ◽

Different Sources ◽

Sediment Interface

Recent research identified the different sources of pollution of wet weather Combined Sewers Overflows (CSOs): it appeared that the deposits in sewers, and especially an organic layer situated at the water-sediment interface, may contribute 40-70% to the total pollution load of CSOs. Using the cyclic flush Hydrass gate, we generated increased water flows during dry weather. The effects of flushing the deposits have been analysed: the eroded particles sampled during the first flush wave show pollutant characteristics similar to characteristics measured in the organic layer. The organic layer that has formed on the surface of deposits can thus be washed off before rainstorms occur using the cyclic flushing technique.

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Region-wide assessment of the land-based sources of pollution of the black sea

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0419 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Z. Sarikaya ◽

M. F. Sevimli ◽

E. Çitil

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Point Sources ◽

The Black Sea ◽

International Rivers ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

River Danube ◽

And Control ◽

Pollution Loads

Black Sea riparian countries have committed to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment of the Black Sea from land-based sources in accordance with Article VII of the Bucharest Convention. Gathering information on the sources of pollution was one of the basic requirements of the Odessa Ministerial Declaration of the Black Sea countries. This paper presents a summary of the outcome of the studies conducted to fulfil this obligation. The aim of this study has been limited to the point sources of wastewater discharges including domestic as well as industrial discharges. The inputs through main rivers were also included in the scope. Solid wastes directly or indirectly discharged or dumped into the Black Sea were not included in this study. Diffuse sources, surface runoff (storm water) and air emissions were not included in the scope of the study. In this paper, total domestic, industrial and riverine pollution loads of the major pollutants such as BOD, TSS, TN and TP were presented for each of the six Black Sea riparian countries after compilation of the data. Rapid assessment techniques of WHO were adopted in the study to estimate the pollutant loads of the point sources. The major source of contamination to the Black Sea arises as a result of the inputs of contaminants from international rivers, especially the River Danube. The other international rivers are also crucial in the pollution of the Black Sea, although the River Danube is the dominant pollutant source. The fact that the total riverine input is about 85% of the total pollution load of BOD demonstrates the significance of the control of the riverine sources. Total pollution loads of each Black Sea country and their breakdown as domestic, industrial and riverine inputs were presented both in graphical and in tabulated forms. Furthermore, the contribution of the oil pollution and pollution exchange through straits (Kerch and Bosphorus Straits) are also given.

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A New Approach to Use Load Duration Curves to Evaluate Water Quality: A Study in the Doce River Basin, Brazil

Water ◽

10.3390/w12030811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 811 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ligia de Oliveira Serrano ◽

Alisson Carraro Borges ◽

Fernando Falco Pruski ◽

Marília Carvalho de Melo

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Relative Difference ◽

Point Sources ◽

Primary Concern ◽

Load Reduction ◽

Load Duration ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

And Control ◽

Water Quality And Quantity ◽

Environmental Agencies

Although water availability depends both on qualitative and quantitative aspects, most studies focus only on one of these. Therefore, the goal here is to relate water quality and quantity with the construction of Load Duration Curves (LDC) and to estimate E. coli load patterns in different flow conditions, seasons, and positions of two sub-basins of the Doce watershed (Brazil): Piracicaba and Piranga. A novel methodology is proposed in which the Burr XII distribution is adjusted to the LDC to compare all observed loads to their respective Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), allowing the estimation of the relative difference (RD) between these. Higher values of RD were observed for low flows for the Piracicaba basin, more urbanized, where point sources of pollution are the primary concern, reaching up to 99% of needed load reduction. In the Piranga basin, more agricultural, there was a broader RD variation, from 9% to 97% load reduction needed, which is an evidence of point sources of pollution combined with non-point sources. The new methodology can be used to estimate the load reduction of any pollutant and can be used by environmental agencies to identify effective practices to minimize and control pollution in different locations of the basins.

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IMPLEMENTATION OF MARPOL 73/78

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-121 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 1985 (1) ◽

pp. 121-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yoshio Sasamura

Keyword(s):

Monitoring And Control ◽

Technical Problems ◽

International Convention ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Monitoring And Control Systems ◽

Oily Water ◽

Ballast Tanks ◽

Discharge Monitoring ◽

Oil Tankers ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) is the latest and most comprehensive instrument dealing with all sources of pollution from ships. Annex I of MARPOL 73/78, which deals with pollution by oil and which supersedes the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954, entered into force on 2 October 1983. The convention sets out criteria for the discharge of oil from ballast water and tank washings of oil tankers, and from machinery room bilges of all ships. It also lays down requirements for the construction and equipment of ships, including oily-water separating and filtering equipment, oil discharge monitoring and control systems, segregated ballast tanks (SBT), dedicated clean ballast tanks (CBT), and crude oil washing systems (COW). The implementation of MARPOL 73/78 has a significant technical and economic impact. Major technical problems in the implementation of Annex I are, firstly, the lack of reception facilities in many ports of the world and, secondly, the non-availability of accurate and reliable oil content meters. The problem of reception facilities is particularly serious in Special Areas, such as the Mediterranean Sea, where the discharge of oily wastes is totally prohibited except for segregated and clean ballast.

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