scholarly journals A New Approach to Use Load Duration Curves to Evaluate Water Quality: A Study in the Doce River Basin, Brazil

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia de Oliveira Serrano ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Fernando Falco Pruski ◽  
Marília Carvalho de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Load Duration ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity ◽  
Environmental Agencies

Although water availability depends both on qualitative and quantitative aspects, most studies focus only on one of these. Therefore, the goal here is to relate water quality and quantity with the construction of Load Duration Curves (LDC) and to estimate E. coli load patterns in different flow conditions, seasons, and positions of two sub-basins of the Doce watershed (Brazil): Piracicaba and Piranga. A novel methodology is proposed in which the Burr XII distribution is adjusted to the LDC to compare all observed loads to their respective Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), allowing the estimation of the relative difference (RD) between these. Higher values of RD were observed for low flows for the Piracicaba basin, more urbanized, where point sources of pollution are the primary concern, reaching up to 99% of needed load reduction. In the Piranga basin, more agricultural, there was a broader RD variation, from 9% to 97% load reduction needed, which is an evidence of point sources of pollution combined with non-point sources. The new methodology can be used to estimate the load reduction of any pollutant and can be used by environmental agencies to identify effective practices to minimize and control pollution in different locations of the basins.

Reducing Nutrient Loads in Northern Irish Catchments: A Modelling Approach Based on Load Apportionment and Flow Pathway Identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Adams ◽  
Donnacha Doody
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Flow Pathway

<p>Northern Ireland has been somewhat overlooked in terms of water quality modelling in the past. Many of its catchments have consistently failed to meet Water Framework Directive targets especially due to high levels of dissolved nutrients and poor ecological status. A catchment based modelling study to address this issue has not been undertaken here previously and the approach described here uses two water quality models to achieve this aim. The objectives of the modelling were firstly to identify the total load reductions (in terms of Phosphorus (P)) required to reduce in-stream loadings sufficiently for concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP) to be reduced to achieve the WFD “Good” status levels, and secondly to split these loadings into diffuse and point components. The third objective was to identify the most likely flow pathways for the transport of the diffuse component of P to the watercourses particularly for the agricultural (mostly intensive grassland farming) land use which dominates in almost all NI catchments.</p><p>The first model applied is the Source Load Apportionment Model (SLAM) developed by the Irish EPA. This model provides a large-scale assessment of the point and diffuse load components across catchments where multiple pressures are occurring. The second model us the Catchment Runoff Flux Assessment Tool (CRAFT) which is able to back-calculate nutrient loads associated with three major flow pathways. SLAM is a static model which uses averaged loadings from diffuse agriculture and non-agricultural land uses, and point sources (where information can be obtained from various sources) to calculate N and P exports. For P, the agricultural diffuse load component uses an enhanced version of the export coefficient approach based on combining the sources of P from applied nutrients (slurry and fertiliser) and soil P. A modelling tool allows the user to evaluate load reduction scenarios where one or several components of P (both point and diffuse) are adjusted downwards to achieve the catchment’s required load reduction. The CRAFT model works on a dynamic (daily) modelling scale and has simulated sub-catchments where the SLAM model has identified the need for significant load reductions. It identifies the different reductions (P export) that are required for each flow pathway, which will then inform on the type of additional measures (e.g. sediment traps, riparian buffer strips and wetlands) that may also be required.</p><p>The initial aim of this study is to complete a pilot application to the trans-border (UK and ROI) Blackwater catchment (1360 km<sup>2</sup>). Through a review of alternative modelling options for the whole area of NI, an assessment of whether this approach is suitable for application to the entire territory can be made.</p>

Region-wide assessment of the land-based sources of pollution of the black sea

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Z. Sarikaya ◽  
M. F. Sevimli ◽  
E. Çitil
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
International Rivers ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
River Danube ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pollution Loads

Black Sea riparian countries have committed to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment of the Black Sea from land-based sources in accordance with Article VII of the Bucharest Convention. Gathering information on the sources of pollution was one of the basic requirements of the Odessa Ministerial Declaration of the Black Sea countries. This paper presents a summary of the outcome of the studies conducted to fulfil this obligation. The aim of this study has been limited to the point sources of wastewater discharges including domestic as well as industrial discharges. The inputs through main rivers were also included in the scope. Solid wastes directly or indirectly discharged or dumped into the Black Sea were not included in this study. Diffuse sources, surface runoff (storm water) and air emissions were not included in the scope of the study. In this paper, total domestic, industrial and riverine pollution loads of the major pollutants such as BOD, TSS, TN and TP were presented for each of the six Black Sea riparian countries after compilation of the data. Rapid assessment techniques of WHO were adopted in the study to estimate the pollutant loads of the point sources. The major source of contamination to the Black Sea arises as a result of the inputs of contaminants from international rivers, especially the River Danube. The other international rivers are also crucial in the pollution of the Black Sea, although the River Danube is the dominant pollutant source. The fact that the total riverine input is about 85% of the total pollution load of BOD demonstrates the significance of the control of the riverine sources. Total pollution loads of each Black Sea country and their breakdown as domestic, industrial and riverine inputs were presented both in graphical and in tabulated forms. Furthermore, the contribution of the oil pollution and pollution exchange through straits (Kerch and Bosphorus Straits) are also given.

Systems approach to effective water quality management in the Republic of South Africa, existing situation and expected future developments

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
P. Marjanovic ◽  
M. Miloradov ◽  
F. van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Management Functions

The new National water policy will change the way water quality is managed in South Africa. The paper considers the water policy and the repercussions it will have for water quality management in South Africa and proposes a system that can be used to come up with optimum solutions for water quality management. The proposed solution integrates policy and institutional arrangements with the Cadastral system for point and non point sources of pollution and optimisation tools to ensure optimal management of water quality at any given time. The water quality management functions catered for by the proposed system are: resource allocation for pollution discharge, water quality protection, water quality monitoring, planning, development and operation.

scholarly journals Monitoring the water quality of Jiu River in Dolj County

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 10002
Author(s):  
Florin Faur ◽  
Maria Lazăr ◽  
Izabela-Maria Apostu ◽  
Oleg Pinchuk ◽  
Serhii Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Renewable Natural Resource ◽  
And Control

Water is a renewable natural resource, but vulnerable and limited in terms of quantity and quality, which is why its exploitation must be done rationally, so as to ensure a complex recovery and a balanced distribution, depending on needs. The water management activity, which has as object the establishment and application of measures for rational use and control of water resources, quantitative and qualitative, is closely related to meeting the requirements of current legislation on exploitation and protection of water and aquatic ecosystems. In this context, the present paper presents a study carried out during 2019, having as the main objective the qualitative characterization of the Jiu River on the administrative territory of Dolj County (Romania). For this purpose, several water sampling campaigns (12, one for each month) from three control sections, established in partnership with the Jiu - Craiova Water Basin Administration, were carried out. The collected samples were analyzed in the analytical laboratory of the same institution and, on the basis of the obtained results, also considering the main existing sources of pollution, conclusions were drawn regarding the Jiu River water quality in the analyzed sector. Also, we applied an alternative control method whose purpose was to validate the initial conclusions.

Estimation of diffuse and point source microbial pollution in the Ribble catchment discharging to bathing waters in the north west of England

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wither ◽  
J. Greaves ◽  
I. Dunhill ◽  
M. Wyer ◽  
C. Stapleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
North West ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Bathing Waters

Achieving compliance with the mandatory standards of the 1976 Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC) is required at all UK identified bathing waters. In recent years, the Fylde coast has been an area of significant investments in ‘point source’ control, which have not proven, in isolation, to satisfactorily achieve compliance with the mandatory, let alone the guide, levels of water quality in the Directive. The potential impact of riverine sources of pollution was first confirmed after a study in 1997. The completion of sewerage system enhancements offered the potential for the study of faecal indicator delivery from upstream sources comprising both point sources and diffuse agricultural sources. A research project to define these elements commenced in 2001. Initially, a desk study reported here, estimated the principal infrastructure contributions within the Ribble catchment. A second phase of this investigation has involved acquisition of empirical water quality and hydrological data from the catchment during the 2002 bathing season. These data have been used further to calibrate the ‘budgets’ and ‘delivery’ modelling and these data are still being analysed. This paper reports the initial desk study approach to faecal indicator budget estimation using available data from the sewerage infrastructure and catchment sources of faecal indicators.

scholarly journals Selection of Optimum Pollution Load Reduction and Water Quality Improvement Approaches Using Scenario Based Water Quality Modeling in Little Akaki River, Ethiopia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Zelalem Abera Angello ◽  
Beshah M. Behailu ◽  
Jens Tränckner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Akaki River

The collective impacts of rapid urbanization, poor pollution management practices and insufficient sanitation infrastructure have driven the water quality deterioration in Little Akaki River (LAR), Ethiopia. Water quality modeling using QUAL2Kw was conducted in the LAR aimed at selecting the optimal water quality improvement and pollution load reduction approaches based on the evaluation of five scenarios: modification of point sources (PS) load (S1), modification of nonpoint sources (NPS) load (S2), simultaneous modification of PS and NPS load (S3), application of local oxygenators and fish passages using cascaded rock ramps (S4), and an integrated scenario (S5). Despite the evaluation of S1 resulting in an average load reduction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (17.72%), PO4-P (37.47%), NO3-N (19.63%), the water quality objective (WQO) in LAR could not be attained. Similarly, though significant improvement of pollution load was found by S2 and S3 evaluation, it did not secure the permissible BOD and PO4-P pollution load in the LAR. Besides, as part of an instream measure, a scenario evaluated using the application of rock ramps (S4) resulted in significant reduction of BOD load. All the individual scenarios were not successful and hence an integration of scenarios (S5) was evaluated in LAR that gave a relatively higher pollutant load reduction rate and ultimately was found a better approach to improve pollution loads in the river. In conclusion, pollution load management and control strategy integrally incorporating the use of source-based wastewater treatment, control of diffuse pollution sources through the application of best management practices and the application of instream measures such as the use of cascaded rock ramps could be a feasible approach for better river water quality management, pollution reduction, aquatic life protection and secure sustainable development in the LAR catchment.

scholarly journals WASTE WATER DISCHARGE AND WATER POLLUTION IN THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN (1990–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
A.P. Demin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Low Efficiency

The main characteristics of the socio-economic development of the basin of the river Volga are given. It is shown that the withdrawal of water resources in the basin decreased from 37.0 km3 in 1990 to 16.3 km3 in 2018 as a result of the transformation of socio-economic conditions in Russia. The area of actually irrigated irrigated lands decreased during this period from 1530 thousand ha to 565 thousand ha. Sharply reduced water consumption in housing and communal services. As a result, the volume of wastewater discharge has decreased over the 28 years from 22.3 to 10.9 km3 . Most of the contaminated wastewater is discharged into water inlets without treatment or not sufficiently treated. Prior to standards, only every tenth cubic meter of contaminated water is cleaned in the Volga basin. The low efficiency of treatment facilities is associated with outdated technological equipment and traditional treatment schemes, as well as violations of wastewater treatment regimes. The amount of the main pollutants discharged into wastewater decreased by 3–15 times. This indicates that despite all the shortcomings in the operation of treatment facilities, a significant effect has been achieved from the implementation of water protection measures. In some river basins, some ingredients have improved water quality. However, in most river basins, the state of water quality remains unsatisfactory and still does not meet regulatory requirements. This effect is caused by the action of a number of uncontrolled (dispersed) pollution sources, as well as sources of secondary (accumulated) pollution. According to many estimates, it is non-point sources of pollution that make the main contribution to the pollution of water bodies.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE WATER QUALITY IN THE SŁUPIA RIVER (POLAND)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Anna Jarosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Major Nutrient ◽  
Phosphorus Form ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
The One

The objective of this paper was to present the water quality changes of the one of Polish rivers - Słupia River, located in the Pomeranian Region. The Słupia River receives pollutants derived from non-point and point sources of pollution. This is due to the agricultural and forested character of the river’s basin and the location of the towns of Słupsk and Ustka on the river. The elaboration covers the period from 1988 to 2007 and is based on hydrological data, completed as a part of surface water monitoring programme run by the Inspectorate for Environment Protection and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The changes of physicochemical properties of Słupia River i.e. phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, BOD5, and amounts of heavy metals were studied. Presented data, showed that the Słupia River has responded to a major nutrient loading reduction. The current concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus form in river allows qualifying the water to first quality class.

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