Combination Hot Forced Air Treatments and Controlled Atmosphere Treatments: CATTS—Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatment System

2017 ◽  
pp. 259-288
Author(s):  
Lisa Neven ◽  
Shelley Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature ◽  
Forced Air

scholarly journals Assessing the efficacy of controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system (CATTS) against codling moth inside harvested apples

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 306-313
Author(s):  
Lisa E. Jamieson ◽  
Reuben T. Wilkinson ◽  
Natalie E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
Amanda J. Hawthorne ◽  
Dominic E. Hartnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Total Treatment Time ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Apple Quality

The controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system (CATTS) was assessed as a disinfestation tool to control codling moth (CM; Cydia pomonella) larvae inside apples. Codling moth mortality and apple quality were assessed after exposure to one of 10 treatments, which were combinations of five variables, namely, O2 concentration (air 20.9%, 1, 2 or 3%); CO2 concentrations (air 0.04% or 15%); 12 or 24˚C/h ramp rate up to 46˚C; air speed 1.3 m/s; and either 2.5- or 3-h treatment time. CATTS treatments resulted in higher CM mortality than equivalent hot air treatments. The treatments involving 1 or 2% O2 combined with 15% CO2 and a ramp of 12˚C/h or 24˚C/h to 46˚C, with a total treatment time of 3 h or 2.5 h and a 1.3 m/s air speed resulted in 100% mortality of CM. However, all CATTS and hot air treatments compromised apple quality. High CM mortality can be achieved using CATTS, but refinement of the protocol is needed to improve fruit quality outcomes.

scholarly journals 131 Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatments for Disinfestation of `Bing' Sweet Cherry

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412A-412
Author(s):  
Krista C. Shellie ◽  
Lisa Neven ◽  
Steve Drake
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature

Phytosanitary restrictions for insect pests can interfere with the marketing of fresh sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.). The objective of this research was to compare the quality of controlled atmosphere temperature treated (CAT) sweet cherries to methyl bromide fumigated cherries and non-heated, non-fumigated control fruit. Two CAT doses were evaluated: a 25-min exposure to 47 °C (117 °F) that heated the cherry center to 46 °C (115 °F), and a 40-min exposure to 45 °C (113 °F) that heated the cherries to a center temperature of 44 °C (111 °F). These heat doses approximated a heat dose that provides quarantine security against codling moth (Cydia pomonella Lw.) and western cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cingulata Lw.). An atmosphere of 1 kPa oxygen and 15 kPa carbon dioxide was established inside the treatment chamber for 21 min prior to heating. The influence on fruit quality of hydrocooling prior to the CAT treatment, cooling after treatment, and 2 weeks of cold storage after treatment in air or controlled atmosphere was evaluated. Each CAT dose was replicated four times using freshly harvested, `Bing' sweet cherries acquired from similar grower lots. Quality attributes evaluated included: stem and fruit color, firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, decay, and sensory evaluations. Hydrocooling prior to treatment, cooling method after heating and storage atmosphere had no significant influence on cherry quality after cold storage. The stem color of fumigated cherries was less green after storage than CAT treated cherries or untreated, control cherries. Cherries heated for 25 min were rated after cold storage by untrained panelists as similar to non-heated, non-fumigated control fruit. Heated cherries and methyl bromide fumigated cherries were less firm after cold storage than control fruit.

scholarly journals Organic Quarantine Treatments for Tree Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa G. Neven
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature ◽  
Tree Fruits

Organic production of pome and stone fruits in the United States has greatly increased during the past few years. To compete and enter lucrative export markets, these fruit must meet stringent quarantine requirements. For some countries, these requirements dictate that the fruit crops must be treated with a synthetic chemical fumigant, which is not compliant with organic standards. Therefore, nonchemical quarantine treatments for organically produced pome and stone fruits have been developed using the Controlled Atmosphere/Temperature Treatment System (or CATTS) technology. This technology applies a short-term heat treatment under a low-O2/high-CO2 environment, and is effective in controlling the most prominent quarantine insect pests while maintaining commodity quality. The technology has progressed beyond laboratory-scale research units to 1- to 2-ton commercial units. The development of these treatments and their effect on both insect mortality and commodity quality are discussed.

An Intelligent Simulation Model for Design and Costing of High Temperature Ballast Water Treatment Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Ehsan Mesbahi ◽  
Rosemary Norman ◽  
M. Wan Chee Peng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Intelligent Simulation ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment Systems

The ecosystem and economic damage caused by the introduction of nonindigenous marine species through the medium of ballast water has led to much research into onboard ballast water treatment systems. These treatment systems must be capable of meeting the new IMO standards while having a minimal effect both on the environment and on the operational cost and safety of the vessel. One promising solution to the problem appears to be thermal treatment of ballast water, although low-temperature treatment systems have some limitations, notably the long treatment time required. High-temperature ballast water treatment at discharge using a two-stage heat exchanger has been successfully demonstrated at laboratory and pilot scale. An intelligent simulation model is presented that may be used as a design tool to estimate capital and operational costs of a high-temperature treatment system. A study of the economic impact of such a treatment system on a range of bulk carriers has been carried out, and the results are presented.

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