Ultraviolet Peroxidation: An Alternative Treatment Method for Organic Contamination Destruction in Aqueous Waste Streams

Recycling of acid from aqueous waste streams is crucial not only from the environmental point of view but also for maturing the feasible method (diffusion dialysis). Anion exchange membrane (AEM)–based diffusion dialysis process is one of the beneficial ways to recover acid from aqueous waste streams. In this article, the synthesis of a series of brominated poly (2, 6–dimethyl-1, 4–phenylene oxide) (BPPO)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) through quaternization with triphenylphosphine (TPP) were reported for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis process. The successful synthesis of the prepared membranes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The as-synthesized anion exchange membranes represented water uptake (WR) of 44 to 66%, ion exchange capacity of (IEC) of 1.22 to 1.86 mmol/g, and linear swelling ratio (LSR) of 8 to 20%. They exhibited excellent thermal, mechanical, and acid stability. They showed homogeneous morphology. The acid recovery performance of the synthesized AEMs was investigated in a two compartment stack using simulated mixture of HCl and FeCl2 as feed solution at room temperature. For the synthesized anion exchange membranes TPP–43 to TPP–100, the diffusion dialysis coefficient of acid (UH+) was in the range of 6.7 to 26.3 (10−3 m/h) whereas separation factor (S) was in the range of 27 to 49 at 25 °C. Obtained results revealed that diffusion dialysis performance of the synthesized AEMs was higher than the commercial membrane DF–120B (UH+ = 0.004 m/h, S = 24.3) at room temperature. It showed that the prepared AEMs here could be excellent candidates for the diffusion dialysis process.

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Chronic Essex-Lopresti injuries: an alternative treatment method

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jse.2014.01.043 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 861-866 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Aaron I. Venouziou ◽

Loukia K. Papatheodorou ◽

Robert W. Weiser ◽

Dean G. Sotereanos

Keyword(s):

Alternative Treatment ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Essex Lopresti

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Alternative methods for Salt free / Less salt short term preservation of hides and skins in leather making for sustainable development – A review

Textile & Leather Review ◽

10.31881/tlr.2019.19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar ◽

Resmi Mohan ◽

Chellappa Muralidharan

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Short Term ◽

Leather Processing ◽

Disposal Option ◽

Patent Literature ◽

Ultra Filtration

During the leather processing, large quantities of the salt as sodium chloride, about 30-50 % (% w/w on raw weight) is applied for short term preservation of hides and skins, which subsequently leaches out from the skins/hides and end up in waste streams. This raises a serious environmental concern as well as total dissolved solids (TDS) problem in the wastewater, for which there is no viable treatment method available. Remediation measures such as Reverse Osmosis (RO) or Ultra Filtration (UF) could only separate salt from these waste streams and end up as salt sludge, which necessitates Secured Land Fill (SLF) for disposal option. There are some concerns for SLF as it requires Land area as well as possible leaching due to highly soluble nature of Sodium chloride. Therefore, there is a pressing need for developing an alternative methods for Salt free / Less salt short term preservation of hides and skins. In this regard, Research and Development work is being carried out worldwide and several reports are available. Therefore, it would be beneficial to review and analyze the salt free alternative preservation methods. Even though, some reviews on this topic has been reported earlier, they have not taken into account the patent literature available on this subject. The present paper reviews various alternative methods for Salt free / Less salt short term preservation of hides and skins, taking into account both patent and other publications on this subject.

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Window operation: An alternative treatment method for Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics ◽

10.1016/0020-7292(91)90694-z ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 376-376

Author(s):

JY Cho ◽

MO Ahn ◽

KS Cha

Keyword(s):

Alternative Treatment ◽

Treatment Method

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An alternative treatment method to restore limb-length discrepancy in osteoarthritis with high congenital hip dislocation

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00402-009-0846-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 129 (12) ◽

pp. 1593-1599 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Matthias Lerch ◽

F. Thorey ◽

G. von Lewinski ◽

P. Klages ◽

C. J. Wirth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Treatment ◽

Hip Dislocation ◽

Limb Length Discrepancy ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Limb Length ◽

Congenital Hip Dislocation ◽

Length Discrepancy

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Short-term outcome of Lisfranc injuries treated with single dorsal plate fixation

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011417s000143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 2473011417S0001

Author(s):

Sangho Chun ◽

Kyoung min Lee ◽

Moon Seok Park ◽

Ki Hyuk Sung ◽

Seungbum Koo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Treatment ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Dorsal Plate ◽

Short Term ◽

Lisfranc Joint ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Lisfranc Injury ◽

Short Term Outcome ◽

Dorsal Plating

Category: Ankle, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Several methods like cortical screw, Kirschner (K) wire have been used for stabilizing the Lisfranc joint. We performed this study to assess whether single dorsal plating can be used as an alternative treatment method for a Lisfranc injury. Methods: Patients were followed up for more than 1 year after the initial surgery.Following open reduction of the joint with a bone reduction clamp, a single dorsal plate was used to perform Lisfranc joint fixation. The plate was fixed with 2.7-mm locking screws on the first metatarsal, second metatarsal, medial cuneiform, and intermediate cuneiform. Three weeks postoperatively, the cast was removed, and patients progressively advanced to full weight bearing while wearing a postoperative shoe. The plate was removed 3 months postoperatively. One year postoperatively, weight-bearing foot radiographs and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale score were obtained. Results: Eighteen patients with a Lisfranc injury who were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using a single dorsal plate were included. The average AOFAS midfoot score for pain was 35, and the total score was 80.8 (range, 67–95). Six patients (33.3%) had an excellent outcome (score =90); eight (44.4%) had a good outcome (90 > score = 75); and four (22.2%) had a fair outcome (75 > score = 50). Radiographs during the follow-up period showed no loss of reduction or arthritic change. Screw breakage occurred in 3 cases. But the injury ultimately healed anatomically. Conclusion: Single dorsal plating can be an alternative treatment method for a Lisfranc injury, as it provides a good short-term outcome without causing further joint injury.

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