Toxic Neuropathy

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major cause of morbidity in this patient population. Due to the associated chronic pain, its management has come within the purview of neuropsychiatrists. This paper will focus on the primary pathogenic aspects of HIV-1–associated peripheral neuropathies. The specific syndromes of greatest concern are distal sensory polyneuropathy, toxic neuropathy, inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and cytomegalovirus-related progressive polyradiculoneuropathy. The treatments available for these conditions and their efficacy are discussed.

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Current Opinion in Neurology ◽

10.1097/wco.0b013e32834a94b6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 484-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hadi Manji

Keyword(s):

Toxic Neuropathy

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Trichloroethylene cranial neuropathy: is it really a toxic neuropathy or does it activate latent herpes virus?

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp.52.3.297 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 297-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J B Cavanagh ◽

P H Buxton

Keyword(s):

Herpes Virus ◽

Cranial Neuropathy ◽

Toxic Neuropathy ◽

Herpès Virus

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Toxic Neuropathy as a Complication of Thiophenicol Therapy

European Neurology ◽

10.1159/000114895 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 16 (1-6) ◽

pp. 161-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yukito Shinohara ◽

Fumie Yamaguchi ◽

Fumio Gotoh

Keyword(s):

Toxic Neuropathy

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Common Structural Lesions of the Peripheral Nervous System

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1177/0192623319826068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 96-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bernard S. Jortner

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Schwann Cell ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Neuronal Cell Body ◽

Primary Target ◽

Toxic Neuropathy ◽

Reciprocal Influences ◽

Primary Injury

This review illustrates common lesions of peripheral nerve myelinated fibers that occur in toxic neuropathy. These distinctive structural changes help to define the site of toxicant activity and thus predict the course of neurotoxic disease and recovery. Neuronopathy is the condition where the primary injury is directed to the neuronal cell body giving rise to a peripheral nerve axon. Axonopathy occurs when the axon is the primary target, and myelinopathy develops where the Schwann cell and/or myelin sheath is the primary target; these conditions can be discriminated early during the course of nerve fiber degeneration, but reciprocal influences between axon and myelin result in degeneration of both structures late in the disease.

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