The numerical simulations of the uniform circular rotation of paddles on
circular cylinder results natural convection flow of Al2O3-water in a
cross-shaped porous cavity were performed by incompressible
representation of smoothed particle hydrodynamics entitled ISPH method.
The two vertical area of a cross-shaped cavity is saturated with
homogeneous porous media and the whole horizontal area of a cross-shaped
cavity is saturated with heterogeneous porous media. The inner paddles
on the circular cylinder are rotating around their center by a uniform
circular velocity. The whole embedded body of paddles on a circular
cylinder has temperature Th. The wall-sides of a cross-shaped cavity are
positioned at a temperature Tc. The current geometry can be applied in
analysis and understanding the thermophysical behaviors of the
electronic motors. The angular velocity is taken as ! = 7:15 and
consequently the natural convection case is only considered due to the
low speed of inner rotating shape. The performed simulations are
represented in the graphical for the temperature distributions, velocity
fields and tabular forms for average Nusselt number. The results
revealed that an augmentation on paddle length rises the heat transfer
and speed of fluid flow inside a cross shaped cavity. Also, an
incrementation on Rayleigh number augments the heat transfer and speed
of the fluid flow inside a cross-shaped cavity. The fluid flow is
circulated only around the rotating inner shape when Darcy parameter
decreases to Da = 105. Average Nusselt number Nu enhances by an
increment on the paddle lengths and nanoparticles volume fraction