scholarly journals Cranial Morphology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Trigonostylops wortmani, an Eocene South American Native Ungulate

2021 ◽  
Vol 449 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D.E. MacPhee ◽  
Santiago Hernández Del Pino ◽  
Alejandro Kramarz ◽  
Analía M. Forasiepi ◽  
Mariano Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
South American

scholarly journals Unique Short-Faced Miocene Seal Discovered in Grytsiv (Ukraine)

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
I. A. Koretsky ◽  
S. J. Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Rostral Portion

Numerous Miocene terrestrial mammal fossils have been discovered at the Grytsiv locality of Ukraine, but this is the first record of a fossil marine mammal at this site. Morphological analysis of the rostral portion of this middle-late Miocene (12.3–11.8 Ma) partial skull suggests that it belongs to the subfamily Phocinae. The small size and cranial morphology of this partial skull is compared with recent and fossil representatives of the extant subfamily Phocinae and the extinct subfamily Devinophocinae. Extinct and modern representatives of the extant subfamilies Cystophorinae and Monachinae were not incorporated in this study due to their extremely large size in comparison to this new find. This newly described skull belonged to a small-sized seal (likely similar in size to the modern sea otter based on the width of the rostrum) with an extremely short rostrum and several other diagnostic characters that differ from all other fossil and extant phocines. Due to the lack of preservation and fragility of fossil seal skulls, less than 20 have been described so far. This new skull is yet another example of an ancestral seal, supporting the suggestion that modern seals have become larger over their evolutionary history. Overall, any cranial information on fossil true seals is extremely important since it allows resolving contentious phylogenetic relationships between extinct and extant representatives of this group.

On the status of the snake genera Erythrolamprus Boie, Liophis Wagler and Lygophis Fitzinger (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2173 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELIPE F. CURCIO ◽  
VÍTOR DE Q. PIACENTINI ◽  
DANIEL S. FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The Subject

The genus Erythrolamprus Boie (1826) comprises six species of Central and South American false coral snakes (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970; Zaher 1999; Curcio et al. 2009). It is traditionally allocated in the tribe Xenodontini (subfamily Xenodontinae), along with the genera Liophis, Lystrophis, Umbrivaga, Waglerophis and Xenodon (sensu Dixon 1980; Cadle 1984; Myers 1986; Ferrarezzi 1994; Zaher 1999). Although Xenodontini is supported by morphological and molecular evidence, phylogenetic relationships and classification within the tribe have been the subject of recent debate. Molecular phylogenetic studies have recovered clades with Erythrolamprus nested within some representatives of the genus Liophis (Vidal et al. 2000; Zaher et al. 2009), partly corroborating previous hypotheses based on morphology (e.g. Dixon 1980).

scholarly journals What does mitogenomics tell us about the evolutionary history of the Drosophila buzzatii cluster (repleta group)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás N. Moreyra ◽  
Julián Mensch ◽  
Juan Hurtado ◽  
Francisca Almeida ◽  
Cecilia Laprida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Drosophila Buzzatii ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
American Clade

AbstractThe Drosophila repleta group is an array of more than 100 cactophilic species endemic to the “New World”. The acquisition of the ability to utilize decaying cactus tissues as breeding and feeding sites is a key aspect that allowed the successful diversification of the repleta group in the American deserts. Within this group, the Drosophila buzzatii cluster is a South American clade of seven cactophilic closely related species in different stages of divergence, a feature that makes it a valuable model system for evolutionary research. However, even though substantial effort has been devoted to elucidating the phylogenetic relationships among members of the D. buzzatii cluster, the issue is still controversial. In effect, molecular phylogenetic studies performed to date generated ambiguous results since tree topologies depend on the kind of molecular marker employed. Curiously, even though mitochondrial DNA has become a popular marker in evolutionary biology and population genetics, none of the more than twenty Drosophila mitogenomes assembled so far belongs to this cluster. In this work we report the assembly of six complete mitogenomes of five species: D. antonietae, D. borborema, D. buzzatii, D. seriema and two strains of D. koepferae, with the aim to revisit the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times by means of a mitogenomic approach. The recovered topology using complete mitogenomes gives support to the hypothesis of the monophyly of that the D. buzzatii cluster and shows two main clades, one including D. buzzatii and D. koepferae (both strains) and the other the remaining species. These results are in agreement with previous reports based on a few mitochondrial and/or nuclear genes but in conflict with the results of a recent large-scale nuclear phylogeny, suggesting that nuclear and mitochondrial genomes depict different evolutionary histories.

Biogeography, phylogenetic relationships and morphological analyses of the South American genus Mutisia L.f. (Asteraceae) shows early connections of two disjunct biodiversity hotspots

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Moreira-Muñoz ◽  
Rosa A. Scherson ◽  
Federico Luebert ◽  
María José Román ◽  
Marcelo Monge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
The South

NOTES ON THE LIZERINI BLANCHARD WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW LIZERIUS AND PAOLIELLA SPECIES FROM SOUTH AMERICA AND AFRICA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Quednau
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
New Subgenus

AbstractFour species of Lizerius Blanchard, L. cermelii, L. intermedius, L. costai and L. brasiliensis, from South America and four species of Paoliella Theobald, P. reticulosiphon and P. melanocallis from South America, and P. pteleopsidis and P. longirostris from Africa, are described as new. Redescriptions of L. tuberculatus (Blanchard) and P. kenyensis (Eastop) are also given, with keys for the species of Lizerius and Paoliella. Neolizerius is made a synonym of Lizerius. A new subgenus Paralizerius is established. Adhesive vesicles are reported for the two South American Paoliella species. The phylogenetic relationships of the Lizerini are discussed. It is concluded that this tribe branched off from Mindarus–Neophyllaphis-like aphids and that the Schoutedeniini evolved from ancestors that were related to the Lizerini.

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