QT Interval Prolongation and Sudden Cardiac Death in Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy*

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL K. KAHN ◽  
JAMES C. SISSON ◽  
AARON I. VINIK
Author(s):  
Amy D Morris ◽  
Jennifer Chen ◽  
Elaine Lau ◽  
Jennifer Poh

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Domperidone is a prokinetic agent used to treat pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease. Health Canada has issued warnings about an increased risk of domperidone-associated ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, the supporting data referred only to adult patients; therefore, extrapolating the safety risks to pediatric patients is difficult.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize and evaluate the evidence for domperidone associated QT interval prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death to determine the safety of this drug for pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Data Sources: </strong>Two databases (MEDLINE [1946 to August 2015] and Embase [1980 to August 2015]) were searched with the following Medical Subject Headings and keywords: “domperidone”, “arrhythmias, cardiac”, “death, sudden, cardiac”, “electrocardiography”, “heart diseases”, “long QT syndrome”, “tachycardia, ventricular”, “torsades de pointes”, and “ventricular fibrillation”. The search was limited to studies conducted in humans under 18 years of age and published in English.</p><p><strong>Study Selection and Data Extraction:</strong> Original research included in this review reported on the cardiac-related safety of domperidone in nononcologic patients under 18 years of age.</p><p><strong>Data Synthesis: </strong>Of the 5 studies meeting the inclusion criteria (<em>n </em>= 137 patients), one reported a statistically significant change in the corrected QT (QTc) interval, but the clinical significance was unclear. Most of the studies reported rare occurrences of pathological QTc intervals in a limited number of patients. However, confounding factors (e.g., abnormal electrolyte level or concurrent medications) were not consistently considered. Potential bias might have been alleviated by blinding of electrocardiogram (ECG) assessors; however, this was not consistently implemented. The designs of the included studies did not allow assessment of causality. The results should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the available evidence is limited, pathological QTc intervals were noted among a small number of infants, which supports the possibility of domperidone-associated risk of prolonged QTc interval. Because of the potential severity of QT interval prolongation, individual assessment and routine ECG monitoring should be implemented for patients receiving domperidone.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte : </strong>La dompéridone est un agent gastroprocinétique utilisé pour traiter le reflux gastro-oesophagien chez l’enfant. Santé Canada a publié des mises en garde à propos d’un risque accru d’arythmies ventriculaires et de mort subite cardiaque associées à la dompéridone. Or, comme les données probantes ne concernent que l’adulte, il est difficile de généraliser les risques pour la santé à l’enfant.</p><p><strong>Objectif : </strong>Résumer et analyser les données probantes portant sur l’allongement de l’intervalle QT, les arythmies ventriculaires et la mort subite cardiaque associés à la dompéridone afin de déterminer le degré d’innocuité du médicament chez l’enfant.</p><p><strong>Sources des données : </strong>Deux bases de données (MEDLINE [1946 à août 2015] et EMBASE [1980 à août 2015]) ont été interrogées en utilisant les mots clés et les Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) suivants : « domperidone »  dompéridone), « arrhythmias, cardiac » (arythmies cardiaques), « death, sudden, cardiac » (mort, subite, cardiaque),« electrocardiography » (électrocardiographie), « heart diseases » (cardiopathies), « long QT syndrome » (syndrome du QT long), « tachycardia, ventricular » (tachycardie, ventriculaire), « torsades de pointes » (torsades de pointes) et « ventricular fibrillation » (fibrillation ventriculaire). La recherche se limitait aux études publiées en anglais et effectuées chez l’humain de moins de 18 ans.</p><p><strong>Sélection des études et extraction des données : </strong>Les études retenues dans la présente revue abordaient l’innocuité cardiaque de la dompéridone chez les patients de moins de 18 ans qui ne sont pas atteints d’un cancer.</p><p><strong>Synthèse des données : </strong>Parmi les cinq études qui répondaient aux critères d’inclusion (<em>n </em>= 137 patients), une indiquait un changement statistiquement significatif dans l’intervalle QT corrigé (QTc), mais la signification clinique demeurait floue. La plupart des études signalaient de rares cas d’intervalles QTc pathologiques chez un nombre limité de patients. Cependant, des facteurs de confusion (déséquilibre électrolytique ou emploi concomitant de médicaments, par exemple) n’étaient pas systématiquement pris en compte. Il aurait été possible d’éviter de potentiels biais en tenant les lecteurs d’électrocardiogramme (ECG) dans l’ignorance du traitement, mais cette mesure n’était pas toujours mise en oeuvre. Les plans des études retenues ne permettaient pas d’évaluer la causalité. Il faut donc interpréter les résultats avec prudence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions : </strong>Bien qu’il n’y ait que peu de données probantes, des cas d’intervalles QTc pathologiques ont été relevés chez un petit nombre de nourrissons, ce qui vient appuyer le risque possible d’allongement de l’intervalle QTc associé à la dompéridone. À cause de la potentielle gravité de l’allongement de l’intervalle QT, une évaluation individuelle et une surveillance ECG systématique doit être mise en place pour les patients qui reçoivent de la dompéridone.</p>


Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Vrtovec ◽  
Francois Haddad ◽  
Vivian Tsai ◽  
Amin Al-Ahmad ◽  
Tobias Deuse ◽  
...  

Background. QT interval prolongation is considered a risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in various non-transplant populations. Since acute allograft rejection is associated with a prolonged QT interval, we sought to investigate the effects of rejection-induced QT interval changes on SCD in heart transplant recipients. Methods. Of all patients who underwent heart transplantation between 1998 and 2007, we enrolled those with severe acute cellular rejection episodes (ISHLT grade 3A or higher, accompanied with hemodynamic compromise). In this cohort, baseline ECGs were obtained within 7 days after transplantation; follow-up ECGs were recorded at the time of the rejection episode. On all ECGs, QT interval was defined as the mean duration QT interval measurements in all leads, and corrected for heart rate with Bazett formula. A significant increase of QTc during rejection (dQTc) was defined as a relative change in QTc ≥10%. Patients were followed for SCD for 1 year after the rejection episode. Results. Of 80 patients with a severe rejection episode, 9 (11%) were excluded because of the inadequate quality of ECG recordings. Within the 1-year follow-up, 21 of 71 (30%) patients died. Of these, 14 (67%) died of SCD, and 7 (23%) died of other causes. Patients who died of SCD and survivors did not differ with regards to age (44 ± 12 years in SCD group vs. 46 ± 16 years in survivors, P = 0.61), gender (male: 83% vs. 58%, P = 0.06), incidence of infections (0.21 ± 0.43 vs. 0.20 ± 0.40, P = 0.91), malignancy (0% vs. 8%, P = 0.84), or allograft vasculopathy (29% vs. 26%, P = 0.85). No difference in Qtc prolonging drug was noted. During acute rejection, QTc interval was significantly longer in SCD group than in survivors (475 ± 57 ms vs. 437 ± 36 ms, P = 0.01), and the same was true for the incidence of dQTc > 10% (50% vs. 16%, P = 0.008). SCD-free survival as evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis was significantly lower in patients with dQTc > 10% (P = 0.013). On multivariate analysis, dQTc > 10% was the only independent predictor of SCD (P = 0.02). The multivariate model included left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF < 30%) and dQTc. Conclusion. Heart transplant recipients who display a significant (> 10%) prolongation of QT interval during a severe acute rejection episode may be at increased risk for SCD.


Diabetes Care ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kempler ◽  
A. Varadi ◽  
F. Szalay ◽  
G. Tamas

Heart ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bellavere ◽  
M Ferri ◽  
L Guarini ◽  
G Bax ◽  
A Piccoli ◽  
...  

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