How does the snakeheadChanna argussurvive in air? The combined roles of the suprabranchial chamber and physiological regulations during aerial respiration

Two short accounts of the habits of pseudapocryptes lanceolatus were communicated by me to the Indian Science Congress and were published in the Proceedings of the Congress, Das (1930), Das (1932). There are 11 Indian genera of the family Gobiidæ which include 89 species. The genus Pseudapocryptes has been reported from the coasts of India, Burma, the Andaman Islands, and the Malay archipelago. The specimens of pseudapocryptes lanceolatus studied were obtained from the estuary of the Ganges, Chiefly from Port Canning and Diamond Harbour, not far from Calcutta. The fish is often brought to the Calcutta market and is especially abundant during the months of October and November.

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Exercise and forced submergence in the pond slider (Trachemys scripta) and softshell turtle (Apalone ferox): influence on bimodal gas exchange, diving behaviour and blood acid-base status

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.202.3.267 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 202 (3) ◽

pp. 267-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. Bagatto ◽

R.P. Henry

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

Respiratory Acidosis ◽

Diving Behaviour ◽

Trachemys Scripta ◽

Acid Base ◽

Aerial Respiration ◽

Acid Base Status ◽

Softshell Turtle ◽

Apalone Ferox

The dynamics of bimodal respiration, diving behaviour and blood acid-base status in the softshell turtle Trachemys scripta and the pond slider Apalone ferox were investigated at rest and under conditions of stress induced by exercise and forced submergence. During periods of forced submergence, only A. ferox doubled its aquatic gas exchange rate. Both A. ferox and T. scripta increased their aerial gas exchange profoundly following exercise and forced submergence, a pattern indicative of increased anaerobic respiration. Emersion duration increased significantly in A. ferox following forced submergence, and mean apnoeic time decreased significantly in A. ferox following exercise, indicating that a larger proportion of time at the surface was spent ventilating. Also, A. ferox maintained a one-breath breathing bout regardless of treatment. Submergence produced a respiratory acidosis in the plasma of approximately 0.2 pH units in magnitude in T. scripta and a mixed respiratory/metabolic acidosis of 0.4 pH units in A. ferox. Exercise induced an acidosis of 0.2 pH units of primarily metabolic origin in both species. Intra-erythrocyte pH was also reduced in both species in response to submergence and exercise. Both intracellular and extracellular acidoses were more severe and longer lasting in A. ferox after each treatment. Plasma [HCO3-] decreased by 25 % in both species following exercise, but only in A. ferox following submergence. Plasma lactate concentrations increased by equal amounts in each species following exercise; however, they returned to resting concentrations sooner in T. scripta than in A. ferox. A. ferox had significantly higher lactate levels than T. scripta following forced submergence as well as a slower recovery time. A. ferox, which is normally a good bimodal gas exchanger at rest, utilizes aerial respiration to a greater extent when under respiratory and/or metabolic stress. T. scripta, although almost entirely dependent on aerial respiration, is physiologically better able to deal with the respiratory and metabolic stresses associated with both forced submergence and exercise.

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Cutaneous Aerial Respiration during Forced Emergence in the Australian Salamanderfish, Lepidogalaxias salamandroides

Copeia ◽

10.2307/1447256 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1993 (3) ◽

pp. 875 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. L. M. Martin ◽

T. M. Berra ◽

G. R. Allen

Keyword(s):

Aerial Respiration

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Electrophysiological Differences in the CPG Aerial Respiratory Behavior Between Juvenile and Adult Lymnaea

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00263.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 983-992 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Chlöe McComb ◽

Ryanne Meems ◽

Naweed Syed ◽

Ken Lukowiak

Keyword(s):

Volume Ratio ◽

Rhythmic Activity ◽

Membrane Resistance ◽

Synaptic Connectivity ◽

Aerial Respiration ◽

Respiratory Rhythmogenesis ◽

Age Related ◽

Respiratory Behavior ◽

The Difference ◽

Cutaneous Respiration

Intact, freely moving juvenile Lymnaea perform aerial respiration significantly less often than do adults. We therefore hypothesized that RPeD1, the central pattern generator (CPG) neuron that initiates rhythmogenesis, would be less active in juveniles than adults. Using both isolated and semi-intact preparations to directly test this hypothesis, we found the opposite; juvenile RPeD1s were significantly smaller and more excitable than RPeD1s from adults. Significant age-related differences were found in the membrane resistance (greater in juveniles), time constant (smaller in juveniles), and rheobase current (lower in juveniles), all of which would tend to make juvenile cells significantly more excitable. However, there were significant age-related differences in the synaptic connectivity within the CPG and in peripheral input to the CPG, all which favor more rhythmic activity in the adult CPG. As was the case for intact Lymnaea, juvenile semi-intact preparations perform aerial respiration less often than do adults. The difference in excitability between juvenile and adult RPeD1s is therefore not sufficient to cause increased rhythmogenesis. Age-related changes in synaptic connectivity within the respiratory CPG and in peripheral modulation allow respiratory rhythmogenesis to be more easily expressed in adults which may compensate for their decreased dependence on cutaneous respiration as their surface to volume ratio changes as the grow in size.

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Aerial respiration in the semaphore crab, Heloecius cordiformis, with or without branchial water

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology ◽

10.1016/0300-9629(90)90209-b ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 267-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David P Maitland

Keyword(s):

Aerial Respiration

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Aerial respiration in the catfish, Corydoras aeneus (Callichthyidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z80-273 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 58 (11) ◽

pp. 1984-1991 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Donald L. Kramer ◽

Martha McClure

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Air Breathing ◽

Aerial Respiration ◽

Posterior Intestine ◽

Partial Pressures

Corydoras aeneus uses the posterior intestine for aerial respiration. Ventilation takes place in a rapid dash to the surface. Air is inspired during the 0.06–0.07 s that the mouth is exposed; expiration occurs via the anus as the fish begins to dive. Air breathing occurs at all dissolved oxygen partial pressures [Formula: see text] from 0 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa) to at least 140 Torr, but frequency, ranging from 1–45 breaths∙h−1, is negatively correlated with [Formula: see text]. Corydoras aeneus survive at least 9 days without air breathing under normoxic conditions [Formula: see text] but below 15 Torr, only fish able to reach the surface survive. Air-breathing rates are significantly influenced by variations in depth between 10–120 cm but the pattern of response depends on [Formula: see text] and involves changes in activity.

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Behavioural, physiological and morphological adaptations of the shanny (Blennius pholis) to the intertidal habitat

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400057313 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 329-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

P. R. Laming ◽

C. W. Funston ◽

D. Roberts ◽

M. J. Armstrong

Keyword(s):

Locomotory Activity ◽

Intertidal Habitat ◽

Aerial Respiration ◽

Morphological Adaptations ◽

Transient Bradycardia ◽

Cutaneous Respiration

Immersed shannies (Blennius pholis) showed peak locomotory activity coincident with daylight high tides. Emersion caused cessation of breathing and bradycardia though Q02 was little affected. Q02 fell, however, when the abdomen was enclosed in an impermeable sheath to block cutaneous respiration. Gulping of air into the extensively vascular oesophagus probably also acts as a means of aerial respiration. Reimmersion of fish caused a transient bradycardia followed by a tachycardia and a fall in Q02 followed subsequently by a rise. The results are discussed in relation to the behavioural, circulatory, respiratory and morphological adaptations of the shanny to the intertidal habitat.

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