scholarly journals SCHIZORIZA controls an asymmetric cell division and restricts epidermal identity in the Arabidopsis root

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (18) ◽  
pp. 4327-4334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Mylona ◽  
Paul Linstead ◽  
Rob Martienssen ◽  
Liam Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Ground Tissue ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Radial Patterning ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Layered Ground

The primary root of Arabidopsis has a simple cellular organisation. The fixed radial cell pattern results from stereotypical cell divisions that occur in the meristem. Here we describe the characterisation of schizoriza (scz), a mutant with defective radial patterning. In scz mutants, the subepidermal layer (ground tissue) develops root hairs. Root hairs normally only form on epidermal cells of wild-type plants. Moreover, extra periclinal divisions (new wall parallel to surface of the root) occur in the scz root resulting in the formation of supernumerary layers in the ground tissue. Both scarecrow (scr) and short root (shr) suppress the extra periclinal divisions characteristic of scz mutant roots. This results in the formation of a single layered ground tissue in the double mutants. Cells of this layer develop root hairs, indicating that mis-specification of the ground tissue in scz mutants is uncoupled to the cell division defect. This suggests that during the development of the ground tissue SCZ has two distinct roles: (1) it acts as a suppressor of epidermal fate in the ground tissue, and (2) it is required to repress periclinal divisions in the meristem. It may act in the same pathway as SCR and SHR.

scholarly journals The SHORT-ROOT Gene Controls Radial Patterning of the Arabidopsis Root through Radial Signaling

Cell ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrjo Helariutta ◽  
Hidehiro Fukaki ◽  
Joanna Wysocka-Diller ◽  
Keiji Nakajima ◽  
Jee Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Root ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Radial Patterning

scholarly journals The SCARECROW Gene Regulates an Asymmetric Cell Division That Is Essential for Generating the Radial Organization of the Arabidopsis Root

Cell ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Di Laurenzio ◽  
Joanna Wysocka-Diller ◽  
Jocelyn E Malamy ◽  
Leonard Pysh ◽  
Yrjo Helariutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Radial Organization

scholarly journals Arabidopsis JACKDAW and MAGPIE zinc finger proteins delimit asymmetric cell division and stabilize tissue boundaries by restricting SHORT-ROOT action

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 2196-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Welch ◽  
H. Hassan ◽  
I. Blilou ◽  
R. Immink ◽  
R. Heidstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Zinc Finger Proteins ◽  
Short Root

scholarly journals ROOT PATTERNING AND REGENERATION ARE MEDIATED BY THE QUIESCENT CENTER AND INVOLVE BLUEJAY, JACKDAW AND SCARECROW REGULATION OF VASCULATURE FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Sanchez-Corrionero ◽  
Pablo Perez-Garcia ◽  
Javier Cabrera ◽  
Javier Silva-Navas ◽  
Juan Perianez-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Quiescent Center ◽  
Ground Tissue ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Radial Patterning ◽  
Severe Impairment

ABSTRACTStem cells are central to plant development. During root postembryonic development stem cells generating tissues are patterned in layers around a stem cell organizer or quiescent center (QC). How stem cell lineages are initially patterned is unclear. Here, we describe a role for BLUEJAY (BLJ), JACKDAW (JKD) and SCARECROW (SCR) transcription factors in patterning of cell lineages during growth and in patterning reestablishment during regeneration through regulation of number of QC cells and their regenerative capacities. In blj jkd scr mutants, QC cells are progressively lost which results in loss of tissue layers. Upon laser ablation blj jkd scr is impaired in QC division and specification resulting in severe impairment in pattern regeneration. Beyond direct regulation of QC activity by these transcription factors, reduced levels of SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and of PIN auxin transporters were observed in the vasculature of blj jkd scr, leading to strong reduction in the auxin response in the QC. We narrowed down non-cell-autonomous regulation of vascularly expressed genes in blj jkd scr to C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 3 (CBF3). cbf3 mutant shows reduced levels of SHR in the vasculature, and in addition QC disorganization and downregulation of the QC regulator WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEODOMAIN 5 (WOX5). CBF3 gene is primarily expressed in the ground tissue downstream of BLJ, JKD and SCR, while CBF3 protein may move. Targeted-expression of CBF3 to the ground tissue of blj jkd scr recovers radial patterning and regeneration. We propose that BLJ, JKD and SCR regulate QC-mediated patterning, and that part of this regulation involves CBF3.

Centromere assembly and non-random sister chromatid segregation in stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben L. Carty ◽  
Elaine M. Dunleavy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Centromere Protein A ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis

Abstract Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces daughter cells with separate distinct cell fates and is critical for the development and regulation of multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms are key players in cell fate determination. Centromeres, epigenetically specified loci defined by the presence of the histone H3-variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), are essential for chromosome segregation at cell division. ACDs in stem cells and in oocyte meiosis have been proposed to be reliant on centromere integrity for the regulation of the non-random segregation of chromosomes. It has recently been shown that CENP-A is asymmetrically distributed between the centromeres of sister chromatids in male and female Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), with more CENP-A on sister chromatids to be segregated to the GSC. This imbalance in centromere strength correlates with the temporal and asymmetric assembly of the mitotic spindle and potentially orientates the cell to allow for biased sister chromatid retention in stem cells. In this essay, we discuss the recent evidence for asymmetric sister centromeres in stem cells. Thereafter, we discuss mechanistic avenues to establish this sister centromere asymmetry and how it ultimately might influence cell fate.

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