scholarly journals Myotypic Respecification of Regenerated Nerve-fibres in Cichlid Fishes1

Development ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
H. L. Arora ◽  
R. W. Sperry
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Nerve Trunk ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Larval Amphibians ◽  
Peripheral Innervation ◽  
Synaptic Changes ◽  
Recovery Of Motor Function

In man and other mammals normal motor co-ordination is not restored, as a rule, after regeneration of a severed peripheral nerve-trunk (Sperry, 1945). The random misdirection of regenerating fibres into foreign muscles tends to prevent normal dissociated action within the re-innervated musculature. In contrast, larval amphibians have been found to show excellent recovery of motor function in the form of ‘homologous or myotypic response’ (Weiss, 1936, 1941) following the cutting and regeneration of limb-nerves, limb transplantation, and the crossconnecting of limb nerves to foreign muscles. Similarly, good restoration of muscle co-ordination has been observed in the pectoral fin of adult teleost fishes (Sperry, 1950, 1956). It has been suggested (Sperry, 1941, 1951) that such recovery is most easily explained in terms of a central readjustment of synaptic connexions to suit the altered pattern of peripheral innervation. Morphological or other direct evidence for such synaptic changes, however, has not been found.

Manual stimulation of forearm muscles does not improve recovery of motor function after injury to a mixed peripheral nerve

2007 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sinis ◽  
O. Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
A. Irintchev ◽  
E. Skouras ◽  
S. Kuerten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Forearm Muscles ◽  
Manual Stimulation ◽  
Recovery Of Motor Function ◽  
Stimulation Of

The Fine Structure and Morphological Organization of the Peripheral Nerve-fibres and Trunks of the Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (47) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
ARTHUR HESS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Nerve Trunk ◽  
Bromphenol Blue ◽  
Nerve Fibres

Sections of the peripheral nerve-trunks of the metathoracic leg of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) were studied with the electron microscope. Paraffin sections were also prepared and stained. Protargol succeeds in staining the nerve-fibres. Osmium tetroxide, a modified Weigert procedure, and Luxol fast blue stain the myelin sheaths, as does mercuric bromphenol blue, a protein stain. The axoplasm is relatively free of formed elements; it contains mitochondria. The myelin sheath, when present on the largest and also some smaller fibres, consists of about two or three loose over lapping processes of Schwann cells, covered by their plasma membranes, enclosing lipid-like droplets and having a beaded appearance. Between the nerve-fibres in the nerve-trunk is Schwann-cell cytoplasm, which arises from Schwann cells that surround the whole nerve-trunk. The same fold of Schwann-cell membrane may enter into the formation of the myelin sheath around more than one nerve-fibre. Several small non-myelinated fibres, which may be as small as 0.3 µ in diameter or less, may be enclosed in the same fold of Schwann-cell membrane. Outside of the Schwann-cell layer and surrounding the nerve-trunk is a thin layer of connective tissue, which does not send trabeculae into the interior of the nerve. Tracheae and tracheoles accompany the nerve but are not included within the sheaths surrounding a nerve-trunk, even near the termination of the nerve-fibres in muscle. The structure of the cockroach peripheral nerve is compared with that described by previous investigators, with that of other insects, and with invertebrate and vertebrate nerve.

scholarly journals The ectopic newly-formed nerve fibres which repopulate the long-time denervated and atrophic chick skeletal muscle

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eros Abrantes Erhart ◽  
Cecil José Rezze ◽  
Walter Biazotto
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Nerve Trunk ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Motor Endplates ◽  
Proximal Stump ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Contralateral Muscle

1. The whole biventer cervicis muscles of the chick, being innervated by a branch of the dorsal ramus of C, presents structural Deculiarities which recommend it as good skeletal muscle for embryological, anatomical, physiological and pharmacological neuro-muscular investigations. 2. The nerve trunk responsible for the innervation of the distal belly runs completely included within the intermediate tendon; therefore, a tendon transection determines complete denervation and nerve fibre degeneration of the distal belly of the muscle. 3. Long-time experimentally denervated distal bellies (from three up to twelve months) are repopulated by ectopic nerve fibres which must have arisen from a source other than the proximal stump, neighbour nerves or nervi-vasorum. 4. Motor endplates appear in these long-time (eight or more months) denervated biventer cervicis distal bellies. 5. Although atrophic-looking such muscle bellies responded to indirect and to direct electrical stimulation — 1.5 V — by contraction. 6. The long-time denervated distal bellies of the biventer cervicis muscle of the chick, when properly reoperated by cross-grafting suture with the normal contralateral muscle, lost their atrophic appearance and showed to be successfully recovered in about thirty days.

scholarly journals The arrangement of nerve fibres in a regenerated nerve trunk

1909 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Osborne ◽  
Basil Kilvington
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Trunk ◽  
Nerve Fibres

Evidence that amphetamine with physical therapy promotes recovery of motor function in stroke patients

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgardo A. Crisostomo ◽  
Pamela W. Duncan ◽  
Martha Propst ◽  
Deborah V. Dawson ◽  
James N. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Recovery Of Motor Function

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Management of Peripheral Nerve Tumours

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. J. HEMS ◽  
P. D. BURGE ◽  
D. J. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Nerve Trunk ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Lipofibromatous Hamartoma ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Tumours ◽  
Nerve Tumour

Fourteen cases of peripheral nerve tumour which had been examined by MRI were reviewed. T1-weighted images showed the tumours to be of intermediate signal and T2-weighted images showed a high signal with some heterogeneity. These appearances are not specific to peripheral nerve tumours, although the diagnosis may be suggested if the lesion arises from a major nerve trunk. The association with a nerve trunk may be defined by MRI, thus assisting with surgical planning. Neurilemmomas, neurofibromas and malignant nerve sheath tumours could not be differentiated with certainty using MR alone. The MR features of lipofibromatous hamartoma are reported.

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