scholarly journals Intersection of motor volumes predicts the outcome of ambush predation of larval zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (5) ◽  
pp. jeb235481
Author(s):  
Kiran Bhattacharyya ◽  
David L. McLean ◽  
Malcolm A. MacIver
Keyword(s):  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Mauthner Cell ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Animal Survival ◽  
Escape Trajectories ◽  
Swept Volume ◽  
Ambush Predation ◽  
Escape Speed

ABSTRACTEscape maneuvers are key determinants of animal survival and are under intense selection pressure. A number of escape maneuver parameters contribute to survival, including response latency, escape speed and direction. However, the relative importance of these parameters is context dependent, suggesting that interactions between parameters and predatory context determine the likelihood of escape success. To better understand how escape maneuver parameters interact and contribute to survival, we analyzed the responses of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) to the attacks of dragonfly nymphs (Sympetrum vicinum). We found that no single parameter explains the outcome. Instead, the relative intersection of the swept volume of the nymph's grasping organs with the volume containing all possible escape trajectories of the fish is the strongest predictor of escape success. In cases where the prey's motor volume exceeds that of the predator, the prey survives. By analyzing the intersection of these volumes, we compute the survival benefit of recruiting the Mauthner cell, a neuron in anamniotes devoted to producing escapes. We discuss how the intersection of motor volume approach provides a framework that unifies the influence of many escape maneuver parameters on the likelihood of survival.

scholarly journals Intersection of motor volumes predicts the outcome of ambush predation of larval zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Bhattacharyya ◽  
David L. McLean ◽  
Malcolm A. MacIver
Keyword(s):  
Escape Response ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Mauthner Cell ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Escape Trajectories ◽  
Swept Volume ◽  
Ambush Predation ◽  
Escape Speed

AbstractThe escape maneuvers of animals are key determinants of their survival. Consequently these maneuvers are under intense selection pressure. Current work indicates that a number of escape maneuver parameters contribute to survival including response latency, escape speed, and direction. This work has found that the relative importance of these parameters is context dependent, suggesting that interactions between escape maneuver parameters and the predatory context together determine the likelihood of escape success. However, it is unclear how escape maneuver parameters interact to contribute to escape success across different predatory contexts. To clarify these issues, we investigated the determinants of successful escape maneuvers by analyzing the responses of larval zebrafish to the attacks of dragonfly nymphs. We found that the strongest predictor of the outcome was the time needed for the nymph to reach the fish’s initial position at the onset of the attack, measured from the time that the fish initiates its escape response. We show how this result is related to the intersection of the swept volume of the nymph’s grasping organs with the volume containing all possible escape trajectories of the fish. By analyzing the intersection of these volumes, we compute the survival benefit of recruiting the Mauthner cell, a neuron in anamniotes devoted to producing escapes. We discuss how escape maneuver parameters interact in determining escape response. The intersection of motor volume approach provides a framework that unifies the influence of many escape maneuver parameters on the likelihood of survival.

Short-term desensitization of fast escape behavior associated with suppression of Mauthner cell activity in larval zebrafish

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Takahashi ◽  
Maya Inoue ◽  
Masashi Tanimoto ◽  
Tsunehiko Kohashi ◽  
Yoichi Oda
Keyword(s):  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mauthner Cell ◽  
Larval Zebrafish

Comparative digestive ability and microbial population of Sistani (bos indicus) and Holstein (bos taurus) cattle fed different roughage diets

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
H. Mansouri ◽  
A. Nikkhah ◽  
M. Rezaeian ◽  
M. Moradi ◽  
S. A. Mirhadi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
N Limitation ◽  
Animal Survival ◽  
End Products ◽  
Limiting Nutrient

There is conflict regarding the relative abilities of Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle to digest the feedstuffs. Part of this conflict may have arisen because a wide variety of diets have been fed at different range of intakes and only digestibility in whole tract measured. Generally no attempts have been made to partition rumen and post-rumen digestion or to assess the relative importance of rumen digestion and clearance between diets and between genotypes. Nitrogen (N) is frequently a major limiting nutrient for ruminants specially when they are given diets of mature herbage. On the other hand the extent to which cattle are able to recycle urea-N from blood to rumen for utilization in production of microbial protein could have an important influence on animal survival under condition of severe N limitation. The present experiment was designed to compare rumen microbial population and the end products of rumen fermentation between Sistani (Bos indicus) and Holstein (Bos taurus) breeds.

Evidence for a Widespread Brain Stem Escape Network in Larval Zebrafish

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 608-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Gahtan ◽  
Nagarajan Sankrithi ◽  
Jeanette B. Campos ◽  
Donald M. O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Mauthner Cell ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Descending Neurons

Zebrafish escape behaviors, which typically consist of a C bend, a counter-turn, and a bout of rapid swimming, are initiated by firing of the Mauthner cell and two segmental homologs. However, after laser-ablation of the Mauthner cell and its homologs, escape-like behaviors still occur, albeit at a much longer latency. This might suggest that additional neurons contribute to this behavior. We therefore recorded the activity of other descending neurons in the brain stem using confocal imaging of cells retrogradely labeled with fluorescent calcium indicators. A large majority of identified descending neurons present in the larval zebrafish, including both ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting reticulospinal neurons, as well as neurons from the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, showed short-latency calcium responses after gentle taps to the head of the larva—a stimulus that reliably evokes an escape behavior. Previous studies had associated such in vivo calcium responses with the firing of action potentials, and because all responding cells have axons projecting into to spinal cord, this suggests that these cells are relaying escape-related information to spinal cord. Other identified neurons failed to show consistent calcium responses to escape-eliciting stimuli. In conjunction with previous lesion studies, these results indicate that the neural control systems for turning and swimming behaviors are widely distributed in the larval zebrafish brain stem. The degree of robustness or redundancy of this system has implications for the descending control of vertebrate locomotion.

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging of Functional Inhibitory Networks on the Mauthner Cell of Larval Zebrafish

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 3929-3938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Takahashi ◽  
Madoka Narushima ◽  
Yoichi Oda
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Mauthner Cell ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Inhibitory Networks

The relative importance of luminal and systemic signals in the control of intestinal iron absorption

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A678-A679
Author(s):  
G ANDERSON ◽  
S WILKINS ◽  
T MURPHY ◽  
G CLEGHORN ◽  
D FRAZER
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Intestinal Iron Absorption ◽  
Systemic Signals

1869: Combined Therapy of FR167653 and Cyclosporin A Significantly Prolonged Animal Survival in ratRenal Allografts

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 493-494
Author(s):  
Haruhito Azuma ◽  
Shiro Takahara ◽  
Takashi Wada ◽  
Takeshi Sakamoto ◽  
Akihiko Okuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Animal Survival

Provenge Shows Survival Benefit in Prostate Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
SUSAN BIRK
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Survival Benefit

Prostatectomy Survival Benefit Seen at 15 Years

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
MARY ANN MOON
Keyword(s):  
Survival Benefit
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