Effects of External Calf Compression on Microvascular Oxygenation in the Lower Limb of Young Men

We aimed to determine whether creatine supplementation influences lower-limb muscle endurance following an acute bout of aerobic exercise (AE) in young healthy men. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 11 men (26.5 ± 6.2 years, body mass index 26.6 ± 2.1 kg/m2),with 12 months of experience in strength training (three times/week) and AE (two times/week) were randomized to receive creatine (20 g/day plus 20 g/day maltodextrin) and placebo (40 g/day maltodextrin) for 7 days, separated by a washout period of 14 days, before performing an acute bout of AE (30 min on treadmill at 80% baseline maximum velocity) which was followed by four sets of bilateral leg extension endurance exercise using a 10-repetition maximum protocol (10 RM)). There was a significant decrease in the number of repetitions performed in the third (Placebo: −20% vs. Creatine: −22%) and fourth set (Placebo: −22% vs. Creatine: −28%) compared with the first set (p < 0.05), with no differences between creatine and placebo. Additionally, no differences were observed between creatine and placebo for the total number of repetitions performed across all four sets (Placebo: 33.9 ± 7.0 vs. Creatine: 34.0 ± 6.9 repetitions, p = 0.97), nor for total work volume (Placebo: 3030.5 ± 1068.2 vs. Creatine: 3039.8 ± 1087.7 kg, p = 0.98). Short-term creatine supplementation has no effect on lower-limb muscle endurance following an acute bout of aerobic exercise in trained young men.

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Effect of external compression on femoral retrograde shear and microvascular oxygenation in exercise trained and recreationally active young men

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-019-04170-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 119 (8) ◽

pp. 1809-1818

Author(s):

Patricia Pagan Lassalle ◽

Adam J. Palamar ◽

Jacob P. DeBlois ◽

Wesley K. Lefferts ◽

Kevin S. Heffernan

Keyword(s):

Young Men ◽

External Compression ◽

Microvascular Oxygenation ◽

Retrograde Shear

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Multimodal thromboprophylaxis in low-risk patients undergoing lower limb arthroplasty: A retrospective observational cohort analysis of 1400 patients with ultrasound screening

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2309499020926790 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 230949902092679

Author(s):

Meredith Harrison-Brown ◽

Corey Scholes ◽

Stephen L Douglas ◽

Sami B Farah ◽

Dennis Kerr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Ultrasound Screening ◽

Early Mobilisation ◽

Local Infiltration Analgesia ◽

Calf Compression ◽

Operative Recovery

Purpose: This study reports the results of a multimodal thromboprophylaxis protocol for lower limb arthroplasty involving risk stratification, intraoperative calf compression, aspirin prophylaxis and early (within 4 h) post-operative mobilisation facilitated by the use of local infiltration analgesia. The study also aimed to identify risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) within a 3-month period following surgery for patients deemed not at elevated risk. Methods: Patients undergoing knee/hip arthroplasty or hip resurfacing were preoperatively screened for VTE risk factors, and those at standard risk were placed on a thromboprophylaxis protocol consisting of intraoperative intermittent calf compression during surgery, 300 mg/day aspirin for 6 weeks from surgery and early mobilisation. Patients were screened bilaterally for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on post-operative days 10–14. If proximal DVT was detected, patients were anticoagulated and outcomes were recorded. Symptomatic VTE within 3 months of surgery were recorded separately. Patient notes were retrospectively collated and cross-validated against ultrasound reports. Results: At initial screening, the rate of proximal DVT was 0.54% (1.1% for knee and 0.27% for hip), and distal DVT was 6.63% (20.11% for knee and 2.31% for hip). One small, nonfatal pulmonary embolism (PE) was detected within 3 months of surgery (0.28% of total knee arthroplasty patients or 0.07% of total). All proximal DVTs were treated successfully with anticoagulants; however, one patient suffered a minor PE approximately 10 months post-operatively. Regression analysis identified knee implant and advanced age as independent risk factors for VTE in this cohort. Conclusion: Although knee arthroplasty patients remained at higher risk than hip replacement/resurfacing patients, the incidence and outcomes of VTE remained positive compared with protocols involving extended immobilisation, and episodes of PE were extremely rare. Thus, we conclude that patients at standard preoperative risk of VTE may safely be taken through the post-operative recovery process with a combination of intraoperative mechanical prophylaxis, early mobilisation and post-operative aspirin, with closer attention required for older patients and those undergoing knee surgery.

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Effects of Adding Inter-Set Static Stretching to Flywheel Resistance Training on Flexibility, Muscular Strength, and Regional Hypertrophy in Young Men

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073770 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3770

Author(s):

Masatoshi Nakamura ◽

Hirotaka Ikezu ◽

Shigeru Sato ◽

Kaoru Yahata ◽

Ryosuke Kiyono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Young Men ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Joint Flexibility ◽

Significant Difference

Performing static stretching (SS) during resistance training (RT) rest periods is posited to potentiate muscular adaptations, but the literature is scarce on the topic. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding inter-set SS to a lower-limb flywheel RT program on joint flexibility, muscular strength, and regional hypertrophy. Sixteen untrained male adults (21 ± 1 y) completed the study, where they performed progressive flywheel bilateral squatting twice a week for 5 weeks. One leg of each participant was randomly allocated to perform SS during the inter-set rest period (RT+SS), while the other leg served as control (RT only). Before and after the intervention, knee flexion range of motion; knee extension isometric, concentric, and eccentric peak torque; 1-repetition maximum; and muscle thickness of the lower-limb muscles were assessed. Following the training period, additional effects were observed for the inter-set SS side on increasing joint flexibility (p < 0.05), whereas the average increase in strength measures was 5.3% for the control side, and 10.1% for the inter-set SS side, however, SS intervention induced significantly greater gains only for knee extension isometric strength, but not for dynamic 1-RM, concentric, and eccentric tests. Hamstrings and gluteus maximus did not hypertrophy with training; increases quadriceps muscle thickness depended on the site/portion analyzed, but no significant difference was observed between legs (average: RT = 7.3%, RT+SS = 8.0%). The results indicate that adding inter-set SS to RT may provide large gains in flexibility, slightly benefits for muscular strength (especially for isometric action), but do not impact muscle hypertrophy in untrained young men.

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