scholarly journals Time course of muscular, neural and tendinous adaptations to 23 day unilateral lower-limb suspension in young men

2007 ◽  
Vol 583 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten D. De Boer ◽  
Constantinos N. Maganaris ◽  
Olivier R. Seynnes ◽  
Michael J. Rennie ◽  
Marco V. Narici
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Young Men

scholarly journals Time course of muscular, neural and tendinous adaptations to 23-day unilateral lower-limb suspension in young men

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-611
Author(s):  
M. D. De Boer ◽  
C. N. Maganaris ◽  
O. R. Seynnes ◽  
M. J. Rennie ◽  
M. V. Narici
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Young Men

scholarly journals Effects of physical therapy on hyaluronan clearance and volume regulating hormones in lower limb lymphedema patients: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042199848
Author(s):  
Bianca Brix ◽  
Gert Apich ◽  
Andreas Rössler ◽  
Sebastian Walbrodt ◽  
Nandu Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Lymphatic Flow ◽  
Compression Bandaging ◽  
Complete Decongestive Therapy ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Lymphedema is manifested as a chronic swelling arising due to stasis in the lymphatic flow. No cure is currently available. A non-invasive treatment is a 3 week complete decongestive therapy (CDT), including manual lymphatic drainage and compression bandaging to control swelling. As CDT leads to mobilization of several liters of fluid, effects of CDT on hyaluronan clearance (maker for lymphatic outflow), volume regulating hormones, total plasma protein as well as plasma density, osmolality and selected electrolytes were investigated. In this pilot study, we assessed hyaluronan and volume regulating hormone responses from plasma samples of nine patients (three males, six females, aged 55 ± 13 years) with lower limb lymphedema stage II-III, before - and after - CDT. A paired non-parametric test (Wilcoxon) was used to assess hormonal and plasma volume changes. Correlation was tested using Spearman’s correlation. The main findings of this novel study are that lymphedema patients lost volume and weight after therapy. Hyaluronic acid did not significantly change pre- compared to post-CDT. Aldosterone increased significantly after therapy, while plasma renin activity increased, but not significantly. Plasma total protein, density, osmolality and sodium and chloride did not show differences after CDT. To our knowledge, no study has previously investigated the effects of CDT on volume regulating hormones or electrolytes. To identify the time-course of volume regulating hormones and lymphatic flow changes induced by CDT, future studies should assess these parameters serially over 3 weeks of therapy.

Tuning of a Basic Coordination Pattern Constructs Straight-Ahead and Curved Walking in Humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1524-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Courtine ◽  
Marco Schieppati
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Coordination Patterns ◽  
Straight Ahead

We tested the hypothesis that common principles govern the production of the locomotor patterns for both straight-ahead and curved walking. Whole body movement recordings showed that continuous curved walking implies substantial, limb-specific changes in numerous gait descriptors. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to uncover the spatiotemporal structure of coordination among lower limb segments. PCA revealed that the same kinematic law accounted for the coordination among lower limb segments during both straight-ahead and curved walking, in both the frontal and sagittal planes: turn-related changes in the complex behavior of the inner and outer limbs were captured in limb-specific adaptive tuning of coordination patterns. PCA was also performed on a data set including all elevation angles of limb segments and trunk, thus encompassing 13 degrees of freedom. The results showed that both straight-ahead and curved walking were low dimensional, given that 3 principal components accounted for more than 90% of data variance. Furthermore, the time course of the principal components was unchanged by curved walking, thereby indicating invariant coordination patterns among all body segments during straight-ahead and curved walking. Nevertheless, limb- and turn-dependent tuning of the coordination patterns encoded the adaptations of the limb kinematics to the actual direction of the walking body. Absence of vision had no significant effect on the intersegmental coordination during either straight-ahead or curved walking. Our findings indicate that kinematic laws, probably emerging from the interaction of spinal neural networks and mechanical oscillators, subserve the production of both straight-ahead and curved walking. During locomotion, the descending command tunes basic spinal networks so as to produce the changes in amplitude and phase relationships of the spinal output, sufficient to achieve the body turn.

Time course of changes in upper and lower limb vasodilatory reserve and exercise capacity after recovery from chronic heart failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Naoshi Arakawa ◽  
Motoyuki Nakamura ◽  
Junya Kamata ◽  
Shoma Sugawara ◽  
Kenji Ueshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time Course

Arterial distensibility: acute changes following dynamic exercise in normal subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. H970-H978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina K. Naka ◽  
Ann C. Tweddel ◽  
Dimitris Parthimos ◽  
Andrew Henderson ◽  
Jonathan Goodfellow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Arterial Distensibility ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise

The time course of acute changes in large artery distensibility immediately and for 60 min following maximum treadmill exercise in normal subjects was characterized by simultaneously measuring upper and lower limb pulse wave velocity (PWV). A new oscillometric technique was used, which has proven to be sensitive to changes in distensibility induced by acute changes in vascular tone independently of blood pressure. The observed changes in PWV are attributable to changes in vascular tone corresponding to recovery from a systemic net constrictor response and a local net dilator response to exercise with persisting postexercise vasodilatation. They are inadequately explained by associated changes in blood pressure and cannot be attributed to changes in heart rate or viscosity. Modeled as a system of n coupled linear differential equations, the minimum (and adequate) order required to reproduce these patterns was n = 1 for the upper and n = 2 for the exercising lower limb. The economy of the solution suggests entrainment among the multiple interactive mechanisms governing vasomotor control.

Effect of aging on the metabolism of phosphorus and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in healthy men

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. E483-E490
Author(s):  
A. A. Portale ◽  
B. P. Halloran ◽  
R. C. Morris ◽  
E. T. Lonergan
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Serum Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus

We tested the hypothesis that aging alters physiological regulation of the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] by inorganic phosphorus. In seven elderly men [age 71 +/- 1 (SE) yr] and 9 young men (29 +/- 2 yr), dietary phosphorus was first normal, then increased and decreased within its normal range. At each intake of phosphorus, serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D in the elderly did not differ from those in young men, but fasting and 24-h mean serum concentrations of phosphorus were lower in elderly men. With phosphorus restriction, in each group serum 1,25(OH)2D increased by 47%, and 24-h mean serum phosphorus decreased by 0.6 +/- 0.1 mg/dl. Serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D varied inversely with 24-h mean serum phosphorus (R= -0.92, P<0.0001). Thus, in healthy elderly men in whom glomerular filtration rate is normal or near normal, serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D increase when dietary phosphorus is restricted; the magnitude of response at steady state is unaffected by aging, but the time course of response is delayed. At any level of serum phosphorus, serum 1,25(OH)2D is lower than that in young men, as reflected by a lower intercept of regression of serum 1,25(OH)2D on 24-h mean phosphorus.

scholarly journals Changes in brachial artery endothelial function and resting diameter with moderate-intensity continuous but not sprint interval training in sedentary men

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninette Shenouda ◽  
Jenna B. Gillen ◽  
Martin J. Gibala ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Healthy Men

Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) improves peripheral artery function in healthy adults, a phenomenon that reverses as continued training induces structural remodeling. Sprint interval training (SIT) elicits physiological adaptations similar to MICT, despite a lower exercise volume and time commitment; however, its effect on peripheral artery function and structure is largely unexplored. We compared peripheral artery responses to 12 wk of MICT and SIT in sedentary, healthy men (age = 27 ± 8 yr). Participants performed MICT (45 min of cycling at 70% peak heart rate; n = 10) or SIT (3 × 20-s “all out” cycling sprints with 2 min of recovery; n = 9), and responses were compared with a nontraining control group (CTL, n = 6). Allometrically scaled brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) increased 2.2% after 6 wk of MICT and returned to baseline levels by 12 wk, but did not change in SIT or CTL (group × time interaction, P = 0.04). Brachial artery diameter increased after 6 and 12 wk (main effect, P = 0.03), with the largest increases observed in MICT. Neither training protocol affected popliteal relative FMD and diameter, or central and lower limb arterial stiffness (carotid distensibility, central and leg pulse wave velocity) ( P > 0.05 for all). Whereas earlier and more frequent measurements are needed to establish the potential presence and time course of arterial responses to low-volume SIT, our findings suggest that MICT was superior to the intense, but brief and intermittent SIT stimulus at inducing brachial artery responses in healthy men. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared the effects of 12 wk of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on peripheral artery endothelial function and diameter, and central and lower limb stiffness in sedentary, healthy men. Whereas neither training program affected the popliteal artery or stiffness indexes, we observed changes in brachial artery function and diameter with MICT but not SIT. Brachial artery responses to SIT may follow a different time course or may not occur at all.

MPTP induces dystonia and parkinsonism

Neurology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1432-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Perlmutter ◽  
L. W. Tempel ◽  
K. J. Black ◽  
D. Parkinson ◽  
R. D. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Postural Tremor ◽  
Transient Decrease ◽  
Dopamine Content ◽  
Mptp Treatment ◽  
Receptor Number

The pathophysiology of dystonia is unclear, but several clues implicate striatal dopamine dysfunction. In contrast, the causal relationship between striatal dopamine deficiency and parkinsonism is well defined. We now suggest that parkinsonism or dystonia may occur following striatal dopamine deficiency. Baboons treated with intracarotid 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) developed transient hemidystonia prior to hemiparkinsonism. The day after MPTP treatment, most animals had spontaneous ipsilateral turning. Within a few days, all developed contralateral hemidystonia, with the arm and leg extended and externally rotated. This transient dystonia preceded hemiparkinsonism with flexed posture, bradykinesia, and postural tremor that persisted for up to 1.5 years. Dystonia corresponded temporally with a decreased striatal dopamine content and a transient decrease in D2-like receptor number. The time course of dystonia and parkinsonism is analogous to lower limb dystonia as the first, frequently transient, symptom of Parkinson's disease in humans. The association of striatal dopamine deficiency with dystonia and parkinsonism implies that other factors influence clinical manifestations.

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