A Quantitative Study on Normal P sE Loop of Vectorcardiogram and P Wave of Scalar Electrocardiogram by Frank Lead System

With the advancement in the field of Electrocardiology (ECG), the acquisition of electrical activity of the heart plays an important role in the diagnosis of various cardiovascular diseases. In general, this activity of conduction is acquired using Standard 12 Lead ECG system. Recently, a Modified Limb Lead system has been developed to study the atrial electrical activity for the diagnosis of atrial arrhythmias. The present study is to derive the normal limits of female subjects using Modified Limb Lead (MLL) system. This study was evaluated in 59 female subjects 19.52 ± 1 (Mean ± S.D) and is primarily involved to study atrial potentials with the use of precordial and modified limb lead position. In sinus rhythm female subjects, the P wave amplitude was 33.06 ± 21.18 µV and the Ta wave amplitude was 20.72 ± 18.16 µV. The P wave duration was 94.22 ± 10.64 ms, the Ta wave duration was 85.51 ± 17.49 ms. The results show that modifications in the limb electrode placement have significant effect on amplitudes and PR segment which may be of great importance for the assessment of atrial potentials.

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Comparison of Different Electrocardiography with Vectorcardiography Transformations

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19143072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (14) ◽

pp. 3072 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rene Jaros ◽

Radek Martinek ◽

Lukas Danys

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Orthogonal Transformation ◽

P Wave ◽

Qrs Complex ◽

Lead System ◽

Squared Error ◽

Transformation Methods

This paper deals with transformations from electrocardiographic (ECG) to vectorcardiographic (VCG) leads. VCG provides better sensitivity, for example for the detection of myocardial infarction, ischemia, and hypertrophy. However, in clinical practice, measurement of VCG is not usually used because it requires additional electrodes placed on the patient’s body. Instead, mathematical transformations are used for deriving VCG from 12-leads ECG. In this work, Kors quasi-orthogonal transformation, inverse Dower transformation, Kors regression transformation, and linear regression-based transformations for deriving P wave (PLSV) and QRS complex (QLSV) are implemented and compared. These transformation methods were not yet compared before, so we have selected them for this paper. Transformation methods were compared for the data from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) database and their accuracy was evaluated using a mean squared error (MSE) and a correlation coefficient (R) between the derived and directly measured Frank’s leads. Based on the statistical analysis, Kors regression transformation was significantly more accurate for the derivation of the X and Y leads than the others. For the Z lead, there were no statistically significant differences in the medians between Kors regression transformation and the PLSV and QLSV methods. This paper thoroughly compared multiple VCG transformation methods to conventional VCG Frank’s orthogonal lead system, used in clinical practice.

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P-Wave body surface isointegral maps in children and in young adults

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.931310 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. S123-S128

Author(s):

K Kozlíková

Keyword(s):

Surface Potential ◽

Body Surface ◽

P Wave ◽

Noninvasive Evaluation ◽

Published Data ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Wave Maps ◽

Lead System ◽

Body Surface Potential ◽

Atrial Activation

Only limited data are available on body surface potential distribution during atrial activation. The aim of this study was to establish the distributions and to analyze chosen quantitative parameters of atrial isointegral maps recorded using a limited 24-lead system in a young healthy population. A total of 166 subjects underwent a procedure of body surface potential mapping. Isointegral maps during the P wave were constructed and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Three types of atrial activation in individual maps were found according to the different shape of the zero isointegral line and to mutual positions of extrema. The most frequently occurring type resembled the group mean maps and was in good agreement with published data obtained from full lead systems. The highest extrema were found in the young men group, while, surprisingly, the lowest values in the young women group. All minima and the majority of maxima were recorded outside the ranges of standard chest leads. The usefulness of the limited lead system to record isointegral P wave maps was shown and new data were presented that can be useful in noninvasive evaluation of atrial pathologies.

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Spatial and Quantitative Study of the P Wave and P Vector in Healthy Children (Especially Longitudinal Study in Neonates)

Pediatrics International ◽

10.1111/j.1442-200x.1983.tb01720.x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 411-412

Author(s):

Kunio Yuge

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Quantitative Study ◽

P Wave ◽

Healthy Children

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A study on standard and atrial lead system for improved screening of P-wave using random forest classifier

10.1109/ibssc53889.2021.9673216 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

N. Prasanna Venkatesh ◽

J. Sivaraman

Keyword(s):

Random Forest ◽

Random Forest Classifier ◽

P Wave ◽

Lead System

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Electron-Mirror Microscopic Aspects of Ferroelectric Domains of BaTiO3 And Ca2Sr (C2H5CO2)6

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100069387 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 478-479

Author(s):

Teruo Someya ◽

Jinzo Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Electric Fields ◽

Quantitative Study ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Ferroelectric Domain ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Surface Pattern ◽

Crystal Surfaces ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Ferroelectric Domains

Recent progress in the electron-mirror microscopy (EMM), e.g., an improvement of its resolving power together with an increase of the magnification makes it useful for investigating the ferroelectric domain physics. English has recently observed the domain texture in the surface layer of BaTiO3. The present authors ) have developed a theory by which one can evaluate small one-dimensional electric fields and/or topographic step heights in the crystal surfaces from their EMM pictures. This theory was applied to a quantitative study of the surface pattern of BaTiO3).

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