Changing Population Exposure to Pollution in China’s Special Economic Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 406-409
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Martin ◽  
Katie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Economic Zones

Martin and Zhang (2020) show that the increase in manufacturing output in China's special economic zones significantly increased air pollution. In this complementary paper, we document that widespread migration into these industrial clusters between 2000 and 2010 did little to change overall population exposure to pollution. We show using satellite air pollution data that there is much heterogeneity across zones and that most population growth occurred in relatively cleaner zones, supporting recent literature that documents local willingness to make location decisions based on environmental quality (Chen et al. 2019, Khanna et al. 2020).

scholarly journals The peculiarities of tax incentives for Industrial and innovative clusters in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Dinara Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Stimulation Of

This article examines the available approaches towards tax incentivization of the activity of subjects in the industrial and innovative clusters. Analysis is conducted on the tax benefits that could be received by the residents of preferential regimes, such as special economic zones, free economic zones, territories of advanced socioeconomic development within the framework of membership in the Skolkovo Innovation Center, as well as regime for the participants of innovative scientific and technological centers. The peculiarity this research is that tax incentives are examined from the perspective of their relevance on each stage of the lifecycle of an industrial product and innovation. The author's special contribution lies in the selected approach towards assessment of the effect of preferential tax regimes from the standpoint of the development of industrial and innovative clusters. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Currently existing territorial regimes of taxation are aimed primarily at attraction of new investments to the Russian regions and include a range of tax support measures effective for the limited period on the first stage of lifecycle of the product or innovation; 2. From the perceptive of stimulation of participation in the industrial clusters, the available preferential regimes contain attractive and essential benefits for manufacturing industrial products, however, traditional regimes, such as special economic zones and territories of advanced socioeconomic development, no longer meet the needs of innovative companies. For stimulation of participation in the innovative clusters, tax regime for the Skolkovo Innovation Center currently seems most attractive. 3. Due to the fact that the existing regimes of special economic zones, free economic zones, territories of advanced socioeconomic development are aimed at the attraction of investment and focused on the first years of implementation of the project. For incentivization of the qualitative development of industrial and innovative clusters it is reasonable to assess the possibility of more even distribution of tax benefits or introduce other long-term methods of support.

The Global Experience in Special Economic Zones

2020 ◽  
pp. 242-261
Author(s):  
Thomas Farole
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Over Time

This chapter provides a global, historical overview of the role of special economic zones (SEZs) in supporting industrialization, showing that approaches, experiences, and results vary widely across countries and over time, and identifying a number of key lessons on what differentiates successful from unsuccessful SEZ programmes. Amongst these lessons, the chapter highlights the importance of political support, location decisions, aligning the incentives of key stakeholders, strategic flexibility, and local economy integration over time. Perhaps most importantly, it argues that SEZs which successfully supported industrialization have aligned their SEZ offering with comparative advantage and have used the flexibility of the SEZ instrument in a targeted way to overcome critical constraints to large-scale private investment.

CHINA'S SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES AND INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS: THE ENGINES FOR GROWTH

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250016 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS ZHIHUA ZENG
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Economic Zones

The numerous special economic zones (SEZs) and industrial clusters that emerged after the country's reforms are without doubt two important engines of China's remarkable development. However, after 30 years of development, they also face many significant challenges in moving forward. This paper summarizes the development experiences of China's SEZs and industrial clusters (their formation, success factors, challenges, and possible areas or measures for policy intervention), based on case studies, interviews, field visits, and extensive reviews of the existing literature in an attempt to benefit other developing countries.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF A CLUSTER AND A SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
O. D. Gaisha
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Development Tools ◽  
Economic Zones

Industrial clusters and special economic zones, which are forms of regional development tools, have been considered. Within the framework of research clusters and special economic zones according to a number of criteria have been compared, measures of state support for such territories have been described, a comparison of special economic zones of industrial-production and technical-implementation types, industrial and innovative territorial clusters operating within the same region has been made. According to the results of the study, the advantages of industrial clusters located on the territories of special economic zones schematically have been reflected, consisting in large amounts of support provided by the Federal and regional levels of Executive power, developed infrastructure, tax and customs preferences. As part of the study methods of bibliographic and logical analysis, and also a systematic approach were used.

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