Neuroleptanalgesic drug combinations in the anaesthetic management of small laboratory animals

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Fentanyl Citrate

Trials of different drug combinations for use in rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats, hamsters and mice are described in detail and experience over a 5-year period evaluated. Combinations of fentanyl citrate, fluanisone and diazepam provided exceptionally good anaesthesia in each species and were considered superior to other injectable agents.

Slow Clearance of Acylated, Hybrid Thrombolytic Enzymes

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (03) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff H Robinson ◽  
Ian Dodd ◽  
Ashiq Esmail ◽  
Harry Ferres ◽  
Barbara Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Enzymes

SummaryTwo hybrid plasminogen activators, plasmin A-chair/t-PA Bchain and plasmin A-chain/u-PA B-chain have been synthestzed and purified in sufficient yield to permit measurement of clearance in small laboratory animals. Each hybrid enzyme was reversibly acylated at the active centre to allow the pharmacokinetic profile to be followed using an activity-based method without interference from plasma inhibitors. The acylated plasmin/u-PA hybrid had a clearance half-life (t½) in guinea pigs of approximately 80 min, whereas acyl u-PA had a t½ of 3 min. The pharmacokinetic profile of the acylated plasmin/t-PA hybrid was measured in guinea pigs, rats and rabbits; the half-lives in all three species were 60–80 min compared to half-lives of acylated, native t-PA that were in the range 0.5–1.0 min. Thus, plasmin A-chaincontaining, acylated hybrid enzymes are cleared some 30- to 100-fold more slowly than the acylated parent activators.

Nasal cavity dimensions in guinea pig and rat measured by acoustic rhinometry and fluid-displacement method

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2109-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune P. Straszek ◽  
Ole F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Fluid Displacement ◽  
Custom Made

The purpose of the study was to measure nasal passageway dimensions in guinea pigs and rats by use of acoustic rhinometry (AR) and by a previously described fluid-displacement method (FDM) (Straszek SP, Taagehoej F, Graff S, and Pedersen OF. J Appl Physiol 95: 635–642, 2003) to investigate the potential of AR in pharmacological research with these animals. We measured the area-distance relationships by AR of nasal cavities postmortem in five guinea pigs (Duncan Hartley, 400 g) and five rats (Wistar, 250 g) by using custom-made equipment scaled for the purpose. Nosepieces were made from plastic pipette tips and either inserted into or glued onto the nostrils. We used liquid perfluorocarbon in the fluid-displacement study, and it was carried out subsequent to the acoustic measurements. We found for guinea pigs that AR measured a mean volume of 98 mm3 (95–100 mm3) (mean and 95% confidence interval) of the first 2 cm of the cavity. FDM measured a mean volume of 146 mm3 (117–175 mm3), meaning that AR only measured 70% (50–90) of the volume by FDM. For rats, the volume from 0 to 2 cm was 58 mm3 (55–61 mm3) by AR and 73 mm3 (60–87 mm3) by FDM, resulting in AR only measuring 83% (66–100%) of volume by FDM (see Table 2 ). We conclude that absolute nasal cavity dimensions are underestimated by AR in guinea pigs and rats. This does not preclude that relative changes may be correctly measured. In vivo trials with AR using rats have not yet been published. The FDM is possibly the most accurate alternative to AR for measurements of the nasal cavity geometry in small laboratory animals, but it can only be used postmortem.

scholarly journals Air Carriage of Pathogenic and other Organisms

1921 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
J. B. Buxton ◽  
H. R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory

From the foregoing experiments, it may be assumed:(1) That given favourable conditions, such as a direct current of air through a building, organisms derived from animals, their fodder or environment, may be disseminated over distances up to 150 feet from the building.(2) That B. welchii is frequently present in the dust and dirt of buildings in which horses and small laboratory animals (guinea-pigs and rabbits) are housed, and(3) That under suitable conditions, spore-bearing anaerobes such as B.welchii, may be carried with infected dust from such buildings, for a distance of at least 90 feet, and probably considerably further.

Guinea pig lung development: antioxidant enzymes and premature survival in high O2

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. R693-R698 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Sosenko ◽  
L. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
High O2 ◽  
Morphological Maturation ◽  
Better Than

Whereas guinea pigs have advanced prenatal morphological lung development, their surfactant development is not "precocious" compared with other small laboratory animals. To investigate whether maturation of the antioxidant enzyme (AOE) system coincides more closely with surfactant development or with morphological maturation, we assayed fetal guinea pig lungs at gestational days 49-69 for superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. We found that elevations in pulmonary AOE occurred in parallel with increases in surfactant during the final 10-15% of gestation. Since newborn guinea pigs behave more like adult animals in their relative intolerance to hyperoxia, we explored whether prematurely delivered guinea pigs would tolerate high O2 exposure better than full-term newborns. We found that prematures have markedly improved hyperoxic tolerance compared with newborns (time at which 50% of animals died in greater than 95% O2, 6.4 days vs. 4.5 days, respectively, P less than 0.05); and (unlike newborns) premature pups are capable of mounting an elevated AOE response to hyperoxic challenge. Thus premature guinea pigs behave more like full-term newborns of other species in respect to hyperoxic tolerance, an additional precocious feature of guinea pig development.

scholarly journals Validation of Сhoice of Laboratory Model for Preclinical Estimation of Medical Protectors Against Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
Machupo Virus

Th is review is dedicated to the peculiarities of pathogenesis of the experimental Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF) – the disease, caused by Machupo virus (Arenaviridae family). Th e authors come to the conclusion that for carrying out preclinical researches of the medical means of protection (MMP) in vivo on small laboratory animals it is expedient to use guinea pigs, infected with a strain of Chicava or with a variant of Carvallo strain, adapted for these animals. Th e use of guinea pigs as small laboratory animals when studying pathogenesis of the disease caused by Machupo virus allows to carry out statistically reliable defi nition of quantitative indices of an experimental infection and to select medicines for the fi nal stage of preclinical assessment. As arenaviruses block the process of formation of interferon (IFN) in the infected organism, mice, defective by IFN formation, are the perspective animal models for the study of BHF pathogenesis and may be used for the study of attenuated variants of Machupo virus. Th e Javanese macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are the laboratory animals, modeling the pathogenetic manifestations of BHF in humans. Th ey can be used when carrying out the fi nal stages of preclinical assessment of means of medical protection

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Diseases in Small Laboratory Animals. 2. Isolation of Salmonella-like Organisms from the Mesenterial Lymph Node of Guinea Pigs

1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiichi HORIE ◽  
Shotaro OKAZAKI ◽  
Yujiro FUJISAKI ◽  
Junkai IRISAWA ◽  
Yoshio SHIMAZAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Mesenterial Lymph Node

A Preliminary Note on the Susceptibility, Prepatency and Recovery of Fasciola gigantica in Small Laboratory Animals

1972 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Mango ◽  
C. K. A. Mango ◽  
D. Esamal
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
East African ◽  
Preliminary Note

East African Fasciola gigantica apparently does not reach sexual maturity in mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs and rabbits. The order of recovery of flukes from the highest to the least was as follows : hamsters, guinea pigs, mice and rabbits. Rats were completely refractory to infection. The more highly susceptible animals also had a higher recovery rate of flukes. Mortality in animals appeared to be related to infection.

scholarly journals THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF STREPTOCOCCI FROM CASES OF POLIOMYELITIS AND OTHER SOURCES

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll G. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Streptococci cultivated from the tonsils of thirty-two cases of poliomyelitis were used to inoculate various laboratory animals. In no case was a condition induced resembling poliomyelitis clinically or pathologically in guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, or monkeys. On the other hand, a considerable percentage of the rabbits and a smaller percentage of some of the other animals developed lesions due to streptococci. These lesions consisted of meningitis, meningo-encephalitis, abscess of the brain, arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, abscess of the kidney, endocarditis, pericarditis, and neuritis. No distinction in the character or frequency of the lesions could be determined between the streptococci derived from poliomyelitic patients and from other sources. Streptococci isolated from the poliomyelitic brain and spinal cord of monkeys which succumbed to inoculation with the filtered virus failed to induce in monkeys any paralysis or the characteristic histological changes of poliomyelitis. These streptococci are regarded as secondary bacterial invaders of the nervous organs. Monkeys which have recovered from infection with streptococci derived from cases of poliomyelitis are not protected from infection with the filtered virus, and their blood does not neutralize the filtered virus in vitro. We have failed to detect any etiologic or pathologic relationship between streptococci and epidemic poliomyelitis in man or true experimental poliomyelitis in the monkey.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document