scholarly journals Natural history of degenerative joint disease in small laboratory animals. 5. Osteoarthritis in guinea pigs

1958 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Silverstein ◽  
Leon Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
History Of

History of Degenerative Joint Disease in People Across Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 253-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Williams ◽  
Nicholas J. Meinzer ◽  
Clark Spencer Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Andrographis paniculata Extract Relieves Pain and Inflammation in Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis and Acetic Acid-Induced Writhing in Animal Models

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Donghun Lee ◽  
Chae Yun Baek ◽  
Ji Hong Hwang ◽  
Mi-Yeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽  
History Of

Osteoarthritis (OA), being the most prominent degenerative joint disease is affecting millions of elderly people worldwide. Although Andrographis paniculata is an ethnic medicine with a long history of being used as analgesic agent, no study using a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model has investigated its potential activities against OA. In this study, experimental OA was induced in rats with a knee injection of MIA, which represents the pathological characteristics of OA in humans. A. paniculata extract (APE) substantially reversed the loss of hind limb weight-bearing and the cartilage damage resulted from the OA induction in rats. Additionally, the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as well as the concentration of matrix metalloproteinases, including MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-13 were decreased by APE administration. Acetic acid-induced writhing responses in mice which quantitatively measure pain were significantly reduced by APE. In vitro, APE inhibited the generation of NO and downregulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The above results suggest the potential use APE as a therapeutic agent against OA.

scholarly journals Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum: A Case Report of Successful Arthroscopic Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
J. Ribeiras Cabral ◽  
R. Henriques ◽  
J. Arvela Matoso ◽  
S. Martins ◽  
M. Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
White Male ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Successful Result ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Introduction.Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a localized disorder of the subchondral bone, in a region with limited healing capacity. Although its aetiology is still unknown, it has been associated with repetitive microtrauma. The natural history of this disease involves the evolution for degenerative joint disease in approximately half of the patients, with early identification and treatment being critical to optimizing the outcome.Case Presentation.We present a rare case in our practice, illustrating a capitellar OCD in a fifteen-year-old White male without an identified cause of repetitive microtrauma.Conclusion.In this case prompt diagnosis and arthroscopic-assisted treatment led to a successful result.

Neuroleptanalgesic drug combinations in the anaesthetic management of small laboratory animals

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Fentanyl Citrate

Trials of different drug combinations for use in rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats, hamsters and mice are described in detail and experience over a 5-year period evaluated. Combinations of fentanyl citrate, fluanisone and diazepam provided exceptionally good anaesthesia in each species and were considered superior to other injectable agents.

Slow Clearance of Acylated, Hybrid Thrombolytic Enzymes

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (03) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff H Robinson ◽  
Ian Dodd ◽  
Ashiq Esmail ◽  
Harry Ferres ◽  
Barbara Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Enzymes

SummaryTwo hybrid plasminogen activators, plasmin A-chair/t-PA Bchain and plasmin A-chain/u-PA B-chain have been synthestzed and purified in sufficient yield to permit measurement of clearance in small laboratory animals. Each hybrid enzyme was reversibly acylated at the active centre to allow the pharmacokinetic profile to be followed using an activity-based method without interference from plasma inhibitors. The acylated plasmin/u-PA hybrid had a clearance half-life (t½) in guinea pigs of approximately 80 min, whereas acyl u-PA had a t½ of 3 min. The pharmacokinetic profile of the acylated plasmin/t-PA hybrid was measured in guinea pigs, rats and rabbits; the half-lives in all three species were 60–80 min compared to half-lives of acylated, native t-PA that were in the range 0.5–1.0 min. Thus, plasmin A-chaincontaining, acylated hybrid enzymes are cleared some 30- to 100-fold more slowly than the acylated parent activators.

Nasal cavity dimensions in guinea pig and rat measured by acoustic rhinometry and fluid-displacement method

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2109-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune P. Straszek ◽  
Ole F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Fluid Displacement ◽  
Custom Made

The purpose of the study was to measure nasal passageway dimensions in guinea pigs and rats by use of acoustic rhinometry (AR) and by a previously described fluid-displacement method (FDM) (Straszek SP, Taagehoej F, Graff S, and Pedersen OF. J Appl Physiol 95: 635–642, 2003) to investigate the potential of AR in pharmacological research with these animals. We measured the area-distance relationships by AR of nasal cavities postmortem in five guinea pigs (Duncan Hartley, 400 g) and five rats (Wistar, 250 g) by using custom-made equipment scaled for the purpose. Nosepieces were made from plastic pipette tips and either inserted into or glued onto the nostrils. We used liquid perfluorocarbon in the fluid-displacement study, and it was carried out subsequent to the acoustic measurements. We found for guinea pigs that AR measured a mean volume of 98 mm3 (95–100 mm3) (mean and 95% confidence interval) of the first 2 cm of the cavity. FDM measured a mean volume of 146 mm3 (117–175 mm3), meaning that AR only measured 70% (50–90) of the volume by FDM. For rats, the volume from 0 to 2 cm was 58 mm3 (55–61 mm3) by AR and 73 mm3 (60–87 mm3) by FDM, resulting in AR only measuring 83% (66–100%) of volume by FDM (see Table 2 ). We conclude that absolute nasal cavity dimensions are underestimated by AR in guinea pigs and rats. This does not preclude that relative changes may be correctly measured. In vivo trials with AR using rats have not yet been published. The FDM is possibly the most accurate alternative to AR for measurements of the nasal cavity geometry in small laboratory animals, but it can only be used postmortem.

scholarly journals Natural History of Anterior Shoulder Instability

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 909-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Palma Carpinteiro ◽  
Andre Aires Barros
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
History Of

Background:The shoulder is the most complex joint in the body. The large freedom of motion in this joint is the main cause of instability. Instability varies in its degree, direction, etiology and volition and there is a large spectrum of conditions.Methods:Based on literature research and also in our own experience, we propose to elucidate the reader about the natural history of instability and its importance for the appropriate management of this pathology, by answering the following questions:What happens in the shoulder after the first dislocation? Which structures suffer damage? Who are the patients at higher risk of recurrence? How does the disease evolve without treatment? Will surgical treatment avoid future negative outcomes and prevent degenerative joint disease? Who should we treat and when?Results:80% of anterior-inferior dislocations occur in young patients. Recurrent instability is common and multiple dislocations are the rule. Instability is influenced by a large number of variables, including age of onset, activity profile, number of episodes,delay between first episode and surgical treatment.Conclusion:Understanding the disease and its natural evolution is determinant to decide the treatment in order to obtain the best outcome. It is crucial to identify the risk factors for recurrence. Delay in surgical treatment, when indicated, leads to worse results. Surgical technique should address the type and severity of both soft tissue and bone lesions, when present.

scholarly journals Air Carriage of Pathogenic and other Organisms

1921 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
J. B. Buxton ◽  
H. R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory

From the foregoing experiments, it may be assumed:(1) That given favourable conditions, such as a direct current of air through a building, organisms derived from animals, their fodder or environment, may be disseminated over distances up to 150 feet from the building.(2) That B. welchii is frequently present in the dust and dirt of buildings in which horses and small laboratory animals (guinea-pigs and rabbits) are housed, and(3) That under suitable conditions, spore-bearing anaerobes such as B.welchii, may be carried with infected dust from such buildings, for a distance of at least 90 feet, and probably considerably further.

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