An approach to standardize, quantify and record progress of routine upper limb therapy for stroke subjects: The Action Medical Research Upper Limb Therapy protocol

Introduction. Explicitly describing therapy for research purposes, in terms of content and quantity, improves the validity of research and facilitates evidence-based clinical practice. However, such descriptions are not common in therapy research. The aim was to develop an upper limb therapy protocol which reflected local clinical practice in the stroke unit, and a recording form to document the content, quantity and progression of therapy. Methods. This was a multi-method study. A list of interventions commonly used for the rehabilitation of the stroke upper limb was compiled following a systematic literature search. This was then refined into the Action Medical Research Upper Limb Therapy (AMRULT) protocol in a two-stage process involving a survey and a group discussion. Six physical therapists and three occupational therapists supported its development. The AMRULT protocol was then piloted in a two-arm randomized controlled trial with 90 stroke patients for therapy and recording purposes. Results. The protocol classified therapies based on therapy input as passive, active assisted, active/strengthening and functional. Using this form it was possible to not only summarize the content of therapy but also objectively document progression (e.g. 14% of the participants progressed to functional exercises between the 5th and 8th weeks after stroke onset). Discussion. The AMRULT protocol and associated recording form were useful in both standardizing the delivery and quantification (content and progression) of therapy. While the AMRULT protocol was devised for a specific purpose, the method used can be adapted to develop protocols to support other research studies.