Abstract
BackgroundThe use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in dentistry started in the maxillofacial field, where it was used for complex and comprehensive treatment planning. Due to the reduced radiation dose compared to a Computed Tomography (CT) scan, CBCT has become a frequently used diagnostic tool in dental practice. However, published data on the accuracy of CBCT in the diagnosis of the buccal bone level is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of intra-oral radiography (IOR) as well as CBCT in the diagnosis of the extent of buccal bone loss.MethodsA dry skull was used to create a buccal bone defect at the most coronal level of a first premolar; the defect was enlarged apically in steps of 1 mm. After each step, IOR and CBCT were taken. Based on CBCT data 2 observers jointly selected 3 axial slices at different levels of the buccal bone, as well as one transverse slice. Six dentists participated in radiographic observations. First, all observers received the 10 intra-oral radiographs and each observer was asked to rank the intra-oral radiographs on the extent of the buccal bone defect. Afterwards, the procedure was repeated with the CBCTs based on a combination of axial and transverse information. For the second part of the study, each observer was asked to evaluate axial as well as transverse CBCT slices on the presence or absence of a buccal bone defect. ResultsThe percentage of buccal bone defect progression rankings that were within 1 of the true rank was 32% for IOR and 42% for CBCT. On average, kappa values were increased by 0.384 for CBCT compared with intra-oral radiography. The overall sensitivity and specificity of CBCT in the diagnosis of the presence or absence of a buccal bone defect was 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. The average area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC was 0.892 for all observers.ConclusionWhen CBCT images are available for justified indications, other than bone level assessment, such 3D images are more accurate and thus preferred to 2D images to assess periodontal buccal bone. For other clinical applications, intra-oral radiography remains the standard method for radiographic evaluation.
Detection of periodontal bone loss using cone beam CT and intraoral radiography
