scholarly journals Effect of Cationic, Non-Ionic and Anionic Surfactants on the Adsorption of Carbofuran on Three Different Types of Indian Soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Singh ◽  
J.P. Rawat ◽  
Raj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Indian Soil ◽  
Molecular Connectivity ◽  
Molecular Connectivity Index ◽  
First Order ◽  
Water Partition Coefficient ◽  
Different Types

The adsorption of carbofuran in aqueous surfactant-free and surfactant (cationic, non-ionic and anionic) solutions of different micellar concentration (½ × CMC, CMC and 2 × CMC) on three different types of Indian soil has been studied using the batch shaking technique. The measured equilibrium adsorption isotherms for the surfactant-free and surfactant/soil/water systems at different critical micellar concentrations were S-shaped and in close agreement to the Freundlich isotherms. Higher adsorption of carbofuran in both systems was observed on silt loam soil followed by loam and sandy soils, and was anticipated by the values obtained for the Freundlich constant, KF, and the partition coefficient, KD. The values of KF and KD obtained also confirmed that the adsorption of carbofuran in aqueous surfactant solutions followed the order cationic > nonionic > anionic at all the CMC values studied. The affinity of carbofuran towards organic matter and the clay content of the soils was evaluated by calculating the Kom and Kc values, when it was found that carbofuran adsorption was better correlated with the clay content than with the organic matter content. The predicted log Kom values were also obtained from the aqueous solubility, 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow), adsorbability index (Al) and first-order molecular connectivity index (1χ) of carbofuran. Use of the aqueous solubility and the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient of carbofuran to predict the adsorption gave values with a considerable error in comparison with those measured experimentally, whereas the use of the absorbability index and first-order molecular connectivity index for carbofuran improved the predictions considerably. The results obtained are interesting in that they afford basic data relating to the possible use of surfactants for solving problems of soil contamination by carbofuran.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Factors on the Adsorption of Phosphamidon on Two Different Types of Indian Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
Indian Soil ◽  
Different Types

The effect of exchangeable cations (H+ and Na+). autoclaving, organic matter, anionic surfactants and temperature on the adsorption of phosphamidon on two different types of Indian soil was studied. The adsorption isotherms for all the effects/treatments were in close agreement with the Freundlich equation and yielded S-shaped isotherms. The amount of phosphamidon adsorbed in all cases was higher in medium black (silt loam) soil than alluvial soil (sandy loam) and was related to the organic matter content, clay content, CaCO3 content, surface area and cation-exchange capacity of the soils. The adsorption on both types of soil follows the order H+-soil > Na+-soil > natural soil at 10°C > natural soil at 20°C > autoclaved soil > organic matter-removed soil > anionic surfactant > natural soil at 40°C, which was in accordance with the Freundlich constant, KF, and distribution coefficient, Kd, values. The adsorption capacity of phosphamidon for organic matter and clay content for both the soils was evaluated by calculating the Kom and Kc values when it was found that phosphamidon adsorption was better correlated with the clay content than with the orgnic matter content on the basis of adsorption isotherms. Various thermodynamic parameters such as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant (K0), the standard free energy (ΔG0), the standard enthalpy (ΔH0) and the standard entropy (ΔS0) changes have been calculated as a means of predicting the nature of the isotherms.

Role of Humified Organic Matter in Herbicide Adsorption

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Organic matter is the soil constituent most often associated with herbicide adsorption. Structural diversity makes humified organic material an ideal substrate for the adsorption of many pesticides, but variability in composition and distribution in situ complicates interpretation of its quantitative effect on adsorption. Variability in the adsorption distribution coefficient (KD) of a herbicide among soils often is due to differences in organic matter content and can be reduced by adjusting KDfor soil organic carbon content and computing the organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc). Koccan be estimated from the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of organic compounds, but the correlation weakens as compound polarity increases. Kocalso can be correlated with aqueous solubility if a correction is made for the melting point of compounds that are solids at 25 C. Relative adsorption can be estimated from parachor and molecular connectivity indices; but corrections are needed for polar compounds, and correlations with KDor Kochave been variable. Such predictive methods may be useful for broad classification purposes, but accurate extrapolation generally requires site-specific adsorption measurements. Empirical models which accommodate the multiple regression of organic matter content and other soil properties such as clay content, pH, and cation exchange capacity on herbicide adsorption can increase accuracy, but interpretation may be restricted to a small number of sites.

A model for predicting sediment-water partition of toxic chemicals in aquatic environments

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shimazu ◽  
E. Ohnishi ◽  
N. Ozaki ◽  
T. Fukushima ◽  
O. Nakasugi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Water Partition Coefficient ◽  
Japanese Water ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

In order to investigate the characteristics of sediment-water partition of chemicals in aquatic environments using published data, we developed a model for predicting the sediment-water partition coefficient (Kp) as the sum of sorption to sediment organic matter and sorption to sediment inorganic matter. This model is so successful that the differences between Kp (median for a variety of Japanese water bodies) and pre-Kp (predicted Kp) are within one order of magnitude in 24 out of 28 chemicals.

Relationships between octanol-water partition coefficient and aqueous solubility

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele M. Miller ◽  
Stanley P. Wasik ◽  
Guo Lan. Huang ◽  
Wan Ying. Shiu ◽  
Donald. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Water Partition Coefficient

Partitioning of Lindane between sediment, water and the Crustacean Metapenaeus macleayi

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Just ◽  
DW Hawker ◽  
DW Connell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Sorption Site ◽  
Water Partition Coefficient

The partitioning behaviour of lindane between sediment, water and the prawn Metapenaeus macleayi was investigated. The sediment-to-water partition coefficient was determined with sealed glass vials in laboratory experiments and found to be 9.52, or 2164 on an organic carbon basis. This is in agreement with relevant literature data and confirms that the organic matter of the sediment is the primary sorption site in this process. The bioconcentration factor was evaluated from laboratory experiments with prawns in sealed glass jars in which the lindane seawater solution was changed frequently. Under these conditions, effective equilibrium was attained after 24 h. Measured uptake (k1) and clearance (k2) rate constants were smaller than predicted on the basis of existing general relationships between k1, k2 and the octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) for crustaceans. The bioconcentration factor (KB) was found to be 5.50, or 1273 on a lipid basis, which is also smaller than values estimated from general relationships. The sediment-to-prawn bioaccumulation factor was 0.58, which means that biotic concentrations will be significantly less than those observed in sediments.

Aqueous solubility, octanol solubility, and octanol/water partition coefficient of nine hydrophobic dyes

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick T. H. M. Sijm ◽  
Gerrit Schüürmann ◽  
Pieter J. de Vries ◽  
Antoon Opperhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Water Partition Coefficient
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