MOTOR DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR SPEECH. PART I.???CEREBRAL AND CEREBELLAR DYSARTHRIAS

1937 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 147???156
Author(s):  
PAUL J. ZENTAY
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Clinical-neurological features of prematurely born children with hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
O.V. Vareshniuk ◽  
V.V. Vyun
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Features

The clinical and neurological features of prematurely born children with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system were studied. A comprehensive examination of 79 preterm infants of both sexes who underwent perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system was performed. 37.9 % of the surveyed were diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy, 20.3 % were diagnosed with spastic diplegia, 27.8 % were diagnosed with childhood hemiplegia, hydrocephalus was acquired in 13.9 % as a result of non-traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage. In 10.3 % of children, severe movement disorders (patients with spastic cerebral palsy and acquired hydrocephalus without surgery) were noted, 37.7 % of the examined did not master walking (patients with spastic diplegia, spastic cerebral palsy and acquired hydrocephalus operated on after 6 months of life), 35.5 % of children have mastered walking with assistive devices (patients with spastic diplegia and acquired hydrocephalus operated on up to 6 months of age), 16.5 % of children have mastered walking without restrictions (children with childhood hemiplegia and acquired hydrocephalus, operated on up to 6 months of age). Characteristic structural changes in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system are periventricular leukomalacia of the II–III degree and intraventricular hemorrhage of the I–III degree. The study of somatosensory evoked potentials conducted in the course of the work showed that at the 3rd, 4th levels of disorders of motor functions by GMFCP, there is a significant decrease in the function of conducting along the somatosensory pathway, depression of the amplitude of the peaks. It has been established, that in the structure of severe motor disorders in children with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system, violations of arbitrary regulation of movements and postural control are significant. A clear manifestation of the close correlation between motor function impairment, cognitive activity and anxiety level in the examined children has been established, which testifies to the negative impact of a negative emotional state on the development of a child with severe motor disorders.

scholarly journals Motor development of children born prematurely with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic damages of the central nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
O. Vareshniuk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A comprehensive examination of 79 children of middle age (3,2±1,3) years old with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system who were born prematurely was performed. The clinical features of impaired motor functions in premature infants who underwent perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage complicated by intraventricular hemorrhages were studied. It was shown that cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 20,3 % of sick children, which was accompanied by severe motor disorders of levels IV–V according to the classification of motor functions GMFCS; 37,9 % have spastic diplegia with II–III level of motor disorders; 27,8 % have a hemiplegic form of cerebral palsy with motor disorders corresponding to level II of the GMFCS classification. Acquired posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus was diagnosed in 14,0 % of the examined children, while the vast majority of children who were operated on before 6 months of age did not have motor deficiency (level III according to the GMFCS classification); 1 child (9,1 %) was not operated on and had a V level of motor disorders according to GMFCS. It has been established that the most significant factors that form a severe motor prognosis are: gestational age of 27–30 weeks, peri-intraventricular hemorrhages of II–IV degrees, periventricular leukomalacia of III degree and signs of periventricular ischemia.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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