Industrializing the Forests, 1870s to 1930s

Sustaining Lake Superior ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300212983.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nancy Langston

Keyword(s):

Lake Superior ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Aquatic Pollution ◽

Pulp Mills ◽

Lumber Industry ◽

New Industry

How did the pulp and paper industry—an industry that was intended to solve rather than create environmental problems in the Lake Superior basin—become the source of the region’s greatest pollution problems? As trees grew back on cutover lands, a new industry developed to exploit them. Aquatic pollution from the industry created a new set of pollution challenges that soon dwarfed the conservation problems presented by the lumber industry. Pulp mills and regulators tried to manage pollution from growing industries, but their models did not account for the complexity of nearshore habitats, limnological conditions, bumpy shore bottoms, shoals that catch currents carrying sediments, or fish with minds of their own.

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Corrosion damage and in-service inspection of retractable sootblower lances in recovery boilers

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj20.10.655 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 655-662

Author(s):

FLAVIO PAOLIELLO

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Effective Means ◽

Corrosion Damage ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Near Miss ◽

Chemical Recovery ◽

Pulp Mills ◽

Recovery Boilers ◽

Component Failures

Several reports of accidents involving serious mechanical failures of sootblower lances in chemical recovery boilers are known in the pulp and paper industry. These accidents mainly consisted of detachment and ejection of the lance tip, or even of the entire lance, to the inside of the furnace, towards the opposite wall. At least one of these cases known to the author resulted in a smelt-water explosion in the boiler. In other events, appreciable damage or near-miss conditions have already been experienced. The risk of catastrophic consequences of the eventual detachment of the lance tip or the complete lance of a recovery boiler soot-blower has caught the attention of manufacturers, who have adjusted their quality procedures, but this risk also needs to be carefully considered by the technical staff at pulp mills and in industry committees. This paper briefly describes the failure mechanisms that prevailed in past accidents, while recommending inspection and quality control policies to be applied in order to prevent further occurrences of these dangerous and costly component failures. Digital radiography, in conjunction with other well known inspection techniques, appears to be an effective means to ensure the integrity of sootblower lances in chemical recovery boilers used in the pulp and paper industry.

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Evaluation of Purification Efficiency of Activated Sludge Treatment Plants for Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewaters in Finland

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0083 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 199-206

Author(s):

J. Junna ◽

J. Rintala

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Pulp Mills ◽

Sludge Treatment ◽

Actual Performance ◽

Loading Rates ◽

Removal Efficiencies

Since 1984, when the first activated sludge treatment plant (ASTP) was built to treat pulp and paper industry wastewaters in Finland, twenty more plants have been introduced by 1989. An evaluation was undertaken to find out the actual performance of the ASTPs in BOD7, CODc r and phosphorus removal. The evaluation included all the 12 ASTPs in operation in the pulp and paper industry at the beginning of 1987. The highest average BOD7 removals were about 90 % at pulp mills as well as paper and board mills. CODc r removal was generally higher at paper and board mills (about 40-70 %) than at pulp mills (about 25-55 %). Phosphorus was added to wastewater in most plants. In some ASTPs, phosphorus concentrations were lowered by 20-40 % compared with wastewater from the mill. In some plants phosphorus load on the recipient was higher than the load coming from the mill. In treated wastewater, correlations between suspended solids and BOD7, CODc r, phosphorus and nitrogen were significant in most plants. This indicated that low removal efficiencies resulted from poor suspended solids removal in the secondary clarification. Volumetric and sludge CODc r loading rates could not explain removal efficiencies when all plants were included in the comparison. In plants treating chemical pulping effluents, higher removal efficiencies were normally achieved with lower loading rates. When the plants were studied separately, the influence of loading rate was generally significant.

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Co-cooking moso bamboo with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj13.6.9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

TROY RUNGE ◽

JACKIE HEINRICHER ◽

DAN MEIER

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Pulp Mills ◽

Fiber Properties ◽

Kraft Process ◽

Native Forests ◽

Hardwood Species ◽

Gradual Introduction

Bamboo is one of the world’s fastest growing feedstocks and represents a promising nonwood resource that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. The timber varieties offer low feedstock costs, can be processed similarly to trees from a logistics standpoint, and have useful fiber properties for papermaking. Plantations have not yet been established due to propagation costs, limiting adoption of bamboo as a pulp feedstock to smaller pulp mills primarily in China, where there are native forests. Recent advances in micropropagation may allow lower establishment costs, but gradual introduction into the supply chain will be required. One concept is to gradually include bamboo feedstock into an established pulp mill as plantations are established, using co-cooking with a wood species. Previous work has shown that bamboo cooks fairly easily using the kraft process with conditions similar to hardwood species.

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Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj13.6.19 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

TROY RUNGE ◽

CHUNHUI ZHANG

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Agricultural Residues ◽

Kraft Pulping ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Strength Increase ◽

Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

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