Study Design: Retrospective radiographic study. Objective: The aim of this study was to define the association between thoracic inlet measures in relation to anterior access to the cervicothoracic junction. Methods: Trauma CT scans in patients >16 years were analyzed. The projection angle (PA), defined as the angle subtended by a line along the superior endplate of the vertebral body and the line from the anterosuperior corner of the vertebral body to the manubrium, was measured at C7, T1 and T2; angles were positive if the projection was above the manubrium. Thoracic inlet angle (TIA), thoracic inlet distance (TID) and pelvic incidence (PI) were measured. Results: 65 scans were assessed (33 males; mean age 47.7 years (s.d. 8.7)). The mean TIA 79.9° (s.d. 13.4°; range 52.6° – 112.2°), mean TID 66.1 mm (s.d. 6.6 mm) and mean PI was 50.5° (s.d. 10.2°). Mean values for the projection angles at C7, T1 and T2 were 24.2°, 7.6° and −8.3° respectively. PA were positive in 95% at C7, 73% at T1 and 30% at T2. PA at each level correlated significantly with age (mean r=−0.371; P = .015) and TIA (mean r=−0.916; P < .001) but neither TID nor PI. TIA correlated with age (r = 0.328; P = .008). Conclusions: The projection angles of the CTJ vertebrae are influenced by thoracic inlet angle and a lesser degree age. Understanding sagittal spinal parameters in the CTJ can aid in planning surgical strategy and approach.
Study on Reverse Running Pump Turbine (Radial Thrust and Runaway Speed Characteristics).
