An Overview of the Peer Assessment Rating (Par) Index for Primary Dental Care Practitioners

The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index is a valid and reliable measure of orthodontic treatment outcome and is the most widely accepted such index. Assessing outcomes with the PAR index requires the examination of pre-treatment and post-treatment orthodontic study models. Beginning with the pre-treatment models, a score is given to each feature that deviates from an ideal occlusion (all anatomical contact points adjacent, good interdigitation between posterior teeth and non-excessive overjet/overbite), the scores are then added together to give a total that represents the severity of the malocclusion. The process is then repeated with the post-treatment models. The difference between the pre-treatment and the post-treatment scores reflects the improvement that has taken place during treatment. A score of zero represents an ideal occlusion and in general the higher the score, the more extensive the malocclusion. It is currently a condition of the NHS orthodontic contract for providers to monitor a proportion of their cases using the PAR index. This paper aims to provide primary dental care practitioners with an overview of the PAR index and should provide a useful guide for those wishing to seek calibration in the use of the index.

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Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scoring of cleft patients treated within a regional cleft centre in the United Kingdom

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/14653125211036715 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146531252110367

Author(s):

Claire Furness ◽

Helen Veeroo ◽

Giles Kidner ◽

Martyn T Cobourne

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Percentage Change ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Median Percentage ◽

Hospital Units ◽

Before And After ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Peer Assessment Rating

Objective: To assess static occlusal outcomes for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and cleft palate (CP) managed within a UK Regional Cleft Service and to compare with previously published Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores from a non-cleft population of patients treated within a UK consultant-led hospital service. Design: Retrospective multicentre study. Setting: Eight orthodontic hospital units within the Spires Cleft Service, UK. Participants: Patients born with CLP or CP between 1985 and 1995 treated within the service. Methods: Patients were assigned to groups by cleft type and whether they were treated by orthodontics only or a combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. PAR was recorded before and after treatment from study models. Results: Data were collected for 171 patients included in the study. Median pre-treatment PAR was 42 and post-treatment 11. Median percentage change in PAR for all patients was 73%, although 12% of cleft patients had a PAR improvement that was worse or no different. Median change in PAR score was 71% for those treated with orthodontics only and 83% for those who had an osteotomy. Median PAR improvement for those treated with orthodontics only was 73% in the cleft lip group, 77% in the CP group, 66% in the unilateral CLP group and 53% in the bilateral CLP group. Median pre- and post-treatment PAR for the cleft group was higher and PAR reduction lower than those published for non-cleft patients. Conclusion: These data demonstrate high severity of malocclusion, complexity of orthodontic treatment and difficulty in achieving an ideal static occlusion for cleft patients. If PAR is to be used to assess orthodontic outcomes in cleft patients the findings of this study should be considered. A higher proportion of cases are likely to be classed as ‘worse or no different’, and a lower percentage change will be expected.

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Orthodontic Treatment and Healthcare Goals: Evaluation of Multibrackets Treatment Results Using PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating)

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare8040473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Maria Francesca Sfondrini ◽

Paolo Zampetti ◽

Giulia Luscher ◽

Paola Gandini ◽

José Luís Gandía-Franco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

High Standard ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Treatment Quality ◽

Par Index ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

High Treatment ◽

Peer Assessment Rating

Background: The evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcomes using an objective method is important in order to maintain high treatment quality and final healthcare of patients. It allows professionals and university students to raise the level of the therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment outcomes in an Italian postgraduate School of Orthodontics using Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index. Methods: A sample of 50 patients treated in a postgraduate program was randomly selected. PAR index was used to assess pre-treatment and post-treatment study casts by two different examiners. The influence of different variables such as gender, treatment method, and need for extraction was statistically analyzed. Results: The average numerical reduction of PAR between the beginning and the end of the treatment was 18.74 (CI 95% 16.53–20.95), while the percentage reduction was 94.8% (CI 95% 91.91–97.68). All cases improved: 8% of patients resulted in the improved category, while 92% of them were in the greatly improved group. Conclusions: According to PAR index, the results showed that patients received a high-standard therapy. None of the factors studied influenced significantly the treatment outcomes.

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PENGGUNAAN PEER ASSESMENT RATING INDEX PADA EVALUASI HASIL PERAWATAN ORTODONTIK DENGAN TEKNIK BEGG

JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) ◽

10.35790/jbm.1.3.2009.834 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Pritartha S. Anindita ◽

Harkati Dewanto ◽

Suparwitri Suparwitri

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

Patient Case ◽

Par Index ◽

Before And After ◽

Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽

The Difference ◽

Dental Casts ◽

Peer Assessment Rating

Abstract: The aim of orthodontic treatment is to reach the best functional and esthetic occlusion. Because there are differences of opinions among clinicians about orthodontic treatment outcomes, the evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcomes will be more accurate and objective if we apply specific criteria that can be measured. Recently, only PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating Index) can be accepted universally as reliable and valid in order to evaluate orthodontic treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of orthodontic treatment using the Begg Appliance by Peer Assessment Rating Index. The object of this study consisted of 248 pairs of dental casts that contained 124 dental casts before treatment and 124 dental casts after treatment, which information were obtained from the patient case archive of those treated with the Begg Appliance at the Orthodontic Clinical Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University 1996-2004. Dental casts that fulfilled the requirements were measured using the PAR Ruler and then assessed using the PAR Index. Scoring was applied to each component. The score of each component was weighted, and then the difference of score was calculated before and after treatment. That represents the degree of improvement as a result of orthodontic treatment. The result revealed that PAR Index can be used to evaluate orthodontic treatment outcomes using the Begg Appliance. Keyword: PAR Index, orthodontic treatment outcomes. Abstrak: Tujuan perawatan ortodontik adalah mendapatkan kemungkinan oklusi terbaik secara fungsional maupun secara estetik. Terdapat beberapa hal yang menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan antar klinisi dalam evaluasi hasil perawatan ortodontik. Oleh karena itu evaluasi ini akan lebih akurat dan objektif jika menggunakan kriteria tertentu yang dapat diukur. Dewasa ini satu-satunya indeks untuk menilai hasil perawatan ortodontik yang telah diterima secara universal, reliabel dan valid adalah PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating Index). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengukur dan menilai secara objektif penggunaan Peer Assesment Rating Index pada evaluasi hasil perawatan ortodontik dengan Teknik Begg. Objek penelitian terdiri dari 248 pasang model studi rahang atas dan bawah, yaitu 124 pasang model studi sebelum perawatan dan 124 pasang model studi sesudah perawatan. Objek penelitian diperoleh dari arsip kasus pasien yang dirawat dengan Alat Ortodontik Cekat Teknik Begg di Klinik Ortodonsia Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Gadjah Mada Tahun 1996-2004. Model studi yang memenuhi persyaratan tersebut diukur menggunakan PAR Ruler dan kemudian dinilai menggunakan PAR Index. Dilakukan penghitungan skor untuk tiap komponen, dilakukan penghitungan dengan pembobotan, kemudian dihitung selisih skor sebelum dan sesudah perawatan, yang menggambarkan derajat perbaikan dan keberhasilan perawatan ortodontik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PAR Index dapat digunakan untuk evaluasi hasil perawatan ortodontik dengan Teknik Begg. Kata kunci: PAR Index, hasil perawatan ortodontik.

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