scholarly journals Peripheral Nerve Pathology in Two Rottweilers with Neuronal Vacuolation and Spinocerebellar Degeneration

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Salvadori ◽  
C. L. Tartarelli ◽  
M. Baroni ◽  
A. Mizisin ◽  
C. Cantile
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Spinocerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Myelinated Fibers ◽  
Progressive Ataxia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Ultrastructural Findings ◽  
Neuronal Vacuolation

Neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in young Rottweiler dogs is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by neuronal vacuolation of several nuclei in the central nervous system and degeneration of the spinal cord white matter. Here, we describe the morphologic and ultrastructural findings in laryngeal muscles and peripheral nerves of a 16-week-old female and a 32-week-old female Rottweiler dog affected by progressive ataxia and tetraparesis associated with laryngeal paralysis. Lesions were characterized by neurogenic muscle atrophy of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, and a loss of large myelinated fibers in the recurrent laryngeal nerve, accompanied by demyelinating/remyelinating features affecting the small myelinated fibers. No significant changes were detected in the cranial laryngeal, vagus, phrenic, ulnar, or peroneal nerves. These findings were indicative of a selective distal neuropathy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve with early severe axonal degeneration, mainly of the large myelinated fibers.

INTRAOPERATIVE CONTINUOUS NEUROMONITORING OF LARYNGEAL RECCURENT NERVES IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Viktor Makarin ◽  
Anna Uspenskaya ◽  
Arseniy Semenov ◽  
Natalya Timofeeva ◽  
Roman Chernikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Neural Transmission ◽  
Continuous Neuromonitoring ◽  
Surgical Manipulation

Laryngeal muscles paresis ranks second in prevalence of postoperative complications after thyroid surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) results in reduction of cases with dysphonia and prevents such severe complication as bilateral paresis. Currently there are two types of monitoring: intermittent and continual. When using intermittent IONM surgeon has no opportunity to control electrophysiology state of RLN during intervals between stimulations. In case of continual IONM date on amplitude and latency are available to surgeon in real time every second, allowing him instantly react to any disturbance of neural transmission to prevent its damage by changing surgical manipulation. This work presents the first experience of using continual neuromonitoring of RLN in Russia, the procedure is described in details its safety. It is represented the possibility of prevention of bilateral laryngeal muscles paresis.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variations of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and Implications for Injury Prevention during Surgical Procedures of the Neck

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Alison M. Thomas ◽  
Daniel K. Fahim ◽  
Jickssa M. Gemechu
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Inferior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Accurate knowledge of anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) provides information to prevent inadvertent intraoperative injury and ultimately guide best clinical and surgical practices. The present study aims to assess the potential anatomical variability of RLN pertaining to its course, branching pattern, and relationship to the inferior thyroid artery, which makes it vulnerable during surgical procedures of the neck. Fifty-five formalin-fixed cadavers were carefully dissected and examined, with the course of the RLN carefully evaluated and documented bilaterally. Our findings indicate that extra-laryngeal branches coming off the RLN on both the right and left side innervate the esophagus, trachea, and mainly intrinsic laryngeal muscles. On the right side, 89.1% of the cadavers demonstrated 2–5 extra-laryngeal branches. On the left, 74.6% of the cadavers demonstrated 2–3 extra-laryngeal branches. In relation to the inferior thyroid artery (ITA), 67.9% of right RLNs were located anteriorly, while 32.1% were located posteriorly. On the other hand, 32.1% of left RLNs were anterior to the ITA, while 67.9% were related posteriorly. On both sides, 3–5% of RLN crossed in between the branches of the ITA. Anatomical consideration of the variations in the course, branching pattern, and relationship of the RLNs is essential to minimize complications associated with surgical procedures of the neck, especially thyroidectomy and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery. The information gained in this study emphasizes the need to preferentially utilize left-sided approaches for ACDF surgery whenever possible.

Synchronous Electrical Stimulation of Laryngeal Muscles: An Alternative for Enhancing Recovery of Unilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 524.e1-524.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Garcia Perez ◽  
Xochiquetzal Hernández López ◽  
Víctor Manuel Valadez Jiménez ◽  
Arturo Minor Martínez ◽  
Pablo Antonio Ysunza
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Stimulation Of

Evoked Electromyographic Technique for Quantitative Assessment of the Innervation Status of Laryngeal Muscles

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Zealear ◽  
Matthew R. Swelstad ◽  
Scott Fortune ◽  
Ricardo J. Rodriguez ◽  
Sung-Min Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid ◽  
Thyroarytenoid Muscle

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a minimally invasive, noninjurious evoked electromyographic technique that could accurately quantitate the level of innervation of laryngeal muscles with recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation. Methods: A four-phase study was conducted in 24 canines, including 1) identification of the best stimulation-recording configuration, 2) statistical analysis of sensitivity and accuracy, 3) evaluation of safety, and 4) identification of the laryngeal muscle(s) that contribute to the evoked response. Results: The results demonstrated that an entirely noninvasive technique is not feasible. The stimulating cathode must be invasive to ensure discrete activation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, whereas both recording electrodes should remain on the surface with one overlying the thyroid ala. This configuration proved to be highly accurate, with an error rate of only 6% to 7%, and with sensitivity sufficient to detect a signal in a nerve with fewer than 1% of the axons intact. There was no evidence of nerve injury in any animal over the course of 350 stimulus needle penetrations. By use of neuromuscular blockade to identify those muscles generating the surface response, the thyroarytenoid muscle was found to be the primary contributor, whereas the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle was uninvolved. Conclusions: This evoked electromyographic technique could provide quantitative information regarding the extent of muscle innervation during denervation and regeneration in case of laryngeal paralysis.

Use of a disposable electrode for recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Srinivasan ◽  
D. J. Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Nerve Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Disposable Electrode ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring

AbstractOur experience with a non-invasive, disposable electrode for intra-operative identification and monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is described. The electrode system, while simply attached to the endotracheal tube, acts as a laryngeal surface electrode and detects electromyographic activity of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles when the recurrent laryngeal nerve is stimulated. We have successfully used this electrode to monitor 19 recurrent laryngeal nerves in 15 patients who have undergone partial or total thyroidectomy. We feel that this device can be useful particularly in cases of re-exploration and malignancies of the thyroid gland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document