Inflight Satellite Measurements of Infrared Spectral Radiance of the Earth

1964 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis C. Block ◽  
Alex S. Zachor
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Infrared Spectral

Variation of the Infrared Spectral Radiance near the Limb of the Earth

1964 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Q. Wark ◽  
J. Alishouse ◽  
G. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Infrared Spectral

NIST Radiance Temperature and Infrared Spectral Radiance Scales at Near-Ambient Temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1026-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Mekhontsev ◽  
V. B. Khromchenko ◽  
L. M. Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Radiance Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Infrared Spectral

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Flying the satellite into your model: on the role of observation operators in constraining models of the Earth system and the carbon cycle

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2343-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kaminski ◽  
Pierre-Philippe Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Automatic Differentiation ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Retrieval Scheme

Abstract. The vehicles that fly the satellite into a model of the Earth system are observation operators. They provide the link between the quantities simulated by the model and the quantities observed from space, either directly (spectral radiance) or indirectly estimated through a retrieval scheme (biogeophysical variables). By doing so, observation operators enable modellers to properly compare, evaluate, and constrain their models with the model analogue of the satellite observations. This paper provides the formalism and a few examples of how observation operators can be used in combination with data assimilation techniques to better ingest satellite products in a manner consistent with the dynamics of the Earth system expressed by models. It describes commonalities and potential synergies between assimilation and classical retrievals. This paper explains how the combination of observation operators and their derivatives (linearizations) form powerful research tools. It introduces a technique called automatic differentiation that greatly simplifies both the development and the maintenance of code for the evaluation of derivatives. Throughout this paper, a special focus lies on applications to the carbon cycle.

Portable infrared spectral radiance measurement apparatus based on PbSe detectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 063001-63004
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang Lei Zhang ◽  
Jingmin Dai Jingmin Dai ◽  
Zhe Yin Zhe Yin
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Measurement Apparatus ◽  
Infrared Spectral

scholarly journals First direct observation of the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> year-to-year increase from space

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 4249-4256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
O. Schneising ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
M. Reuter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Surface Measurement ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Temporal Sampling ◽  
Northern Hemispheric ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. The reliable prediction of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations and associated global climate change requires an adequate understanding of the CO2 sources and sinks. The sparseness of the existing surface measurement network limits current knowledge about the global distribution of CO2 surface fluxes. The retrieval of CO2 total vertical columns from satellite observations is predicted to improve this situation. Such an application however requires very high accuracy and precision. We report on retrievals of the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction, denoted XCO2, from the near-infrared nadir spectral radiance and solar irradiance measurements of the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument between 2003 and 2005. We focus on northern hemispheric large scale CO2 features such as the CO2 seasonal cycle and show - for the first time - that the atmospheric annual increase of CO2 can be directly observed using satellite measurements of the CO2 total column. The satellite retrievals are compared with global XCO2 obtained from NOAA's CO2 assimilation system CarbonTracker taking into account the spatio-temporal sampling and altitude sensitivity of the satellite data. We show that the measured CO2 year-to-year increase agrees within about 1 ppm/year with CarbonTracker. We also show that the latitude dependent amplitude of the northern hemispheric CO2 seasonal cycle agrees with CarbonTracker within about 2 ppm with the retrieved amplitude being systematically larger. The analysis demonstrates that it is possible using satellite measurements of the CO2 total column to retrieve information on the atmospheric CO2 on the level of a few parts per million.

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