The upgraded elastic surface algorithm (UESA) is a physical inverse design method that was recently developed for a compressor cascade with double-circular-arc blades. In this method, the blade walls are modeled as elastic Timoshenko beams that smoothly deform because of the difference between the target and current pressure distributions. Nevertheless, the UESA is completely unstable for a compressor cascade with an intense normal shock, which causes a divergence due to the high pressure difference near the shock and the displacement of shock during the geometry corrections. In this study, the UESA was stabilized for the inverse design of a compressor cascade with normal shock, with no geometrical filtration. In the new version of this method, a distribution for the elastic modulus along the Timoshenko beam was chosen to increase its stiffness near the normal shock and to control the high deformations and oscillations in this region. Furthermore, to prevent surface oscillations, nodes need to be constrained to move perpendicularly to the chord line. With these modifications, the instability and oscillation were removed through the shape modification process. Two design cases were examined to evaluate the method for a transonic cascade with normal shock. The method was also capable of finding a physical pressure distribution that was nearest to the target one.
Inverse design and realization of an optimized photonic multilayer for thermophotovoltaics