Preventive Effects of a Fermented Dairy Product against Alzheimer’s Disease and Identification of a Novel Oleamide with Enhanced Microglial Phagocytosis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by memory impairment, dementia, oxidative stress in elderly people. Currently, only a few drugs are available in the market with various adverse effects. So to develop new drugs with protective action against the disease, research is turning to the identification of plant products as a remedy. Natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity could be good candidates for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Phytochemicals including Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Huperzine-A, Rosmarinic acid, genistein, obovatol, and Oxyresvertarol were reported molecules for the treatment of AD. Several alkaloids such as galantamine, oridonin, glaucocalyxin B, tetrandrine, berberine, anatabine have been shown anti-inflammatory effects in AD models in vitro as well as in-vivo. In conclusion, natural products from plants represent interesting candidates for the treatment of AD. This review highlights the potential of specific compounds from natural products along with their synthetic derivatives to counteract AD in the CNS.

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Selective Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Reduce Amyloid-β Ex Vivo Activation of Peripheral Chemo-cytokines From Alzheimer’s Disease Subjects: Exploring the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205010666131212113218 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 608-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Marcella Reale ◽

Marta Nicola ◽

Lucia Velluto ◽

Chiara D’Angelo ◽

Erica Costantini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Inflammatory Pathway ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Consideration of a Pharmacological Combinatorial Approach to Inhibit Chronic Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205016666191106095038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 1007-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James G. McLarnon

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Animal Models ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Preventive Strategy ◽

Subsequent Work ◽

Activated Microglia ◽

Starting Point ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cocktail Approach

A combinatorial cocktail approach is suggested as a rationale intervention to attenuate chronic inflammation and confer neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The requirement for an assemblage of pharmacological compounds follows from the host of pro-inflammatory pathways and mechanisms present in activated microglia in the disease process. This article suggests a starting point using four compounds which present some differential in anti-inflammatory targets and actions but a commonality in showing a finite permeability through Blood-brain Barrier (BBB). A basis for firstchoice compounds demonstrated neuroprotection in animal models (thalidomide and minocycline), clinical trial data showing some slowing in the progression of pathology in AD brain (ibuprofen) and indirect evidence for putative efficacy in blocking oxidative damage and chemotactic response mediated by activated microglia (dapsone). It is emphasized that a number of candidate compounds, other than ones suggested here, could be considered as components of the cocktail approach and would be expected to be examined in subsequent work. In this case, systematic testing in AD animal models is required to rigorously examine the efficacy of first-choice compounds and replace ones showing weaker effects. This protocol represents a practical approach to optimize the reduction of microglial-mediated chronic inflammation in AD pathology. Subsequent work would incorporate the anti-inflammatory cocktail delivery as an adjunctive treatment with ones independent of inflammation as an overall preventive strategy to slow the progression of AD.

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