Annual growth cycle observation, hybridization and forcing culture for improving the ornamental application of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in the low-latitude regions

Vegetative apices of mature Tsnga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. were studied throughout the annual growth cycle. Apices become mitotically active during the last week of March. Leaf primordia elongate, causing the buds to swell, while the apex remains small and produces bud scales. Axillary buds are initiated about mid-April. Little shoot elongation occurs before vegetative buds burst in mid-May. After bud burst, rapid shoot elongation occurs for about 7 weeks, during which time the apex also elongates and the rest of the bud scales are initiated. There is a marked increase in mitotic activity in the apex during the transition from bud-scale initiation to leaf initiation, which occurs early in July when the grand phase of shoot elongation is complete. This is believed to be the time when vegetative apices undergo transition to become reproductive apices. Leaf primordia are initiated in rapid succession until mid-August, when two-thirds of the final number of leaves are initiated and the subtending shoot is fully elongated. From mid-August until mid-November, no shoot elongation occurs, leaf primordia are initiated more slowly, and mitotic activity in the apex gradually decreases. After all of the next season's leaves have been initiated, about mid-November, mitotic activity in the apex stops and the vegetative buds become dormant.

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Plant adaptation to temperature and photoperiod

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72744 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 251-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Olavi Junttila

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Annual Plants ◽

Plant Adaptation ◽

Timing Of Reproduction ◽

Growth Capacity ◽

Climatic Adaptation

Plants respond to environmental conditions both by adaptation and by acclimation. The ability of the plants to grow, reproduce and survive under changing climatic conditions depends on the efficiency of adaptation and acclimation. The adaptation of developmental processes in plants to temperature and photoperiod is briefly reviewed. In annual plants this adaptation is related to growth capacity and to the timing of reproduction. In perennial plants growing under northern conditions, adaptation of the annual growth cycle to the local climatic cycle is of primary importance. Examples of the role of photothermal conditions in regulation of these phenological processes are given and discussed. The genetic and physiological bases for climatic adaptation in plants are briefly examined.

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A study of DNA and mitotic activity in the vegetative apex of Douglas fir during the annual growth cycle

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b73-175 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 1395-1409 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

John N. Owens ◽

Marje Molder

Keyword(s):

Mitotic Activity ◽

Dna Content ◽

Peripheral Zone ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Nuclear Volume ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Axillary Shoots ◽

Volume Percentage ◽

Leaf Initiation ◽

Mother Cells

Vegetative apices of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco were studied throughout the annual growth cycle. When observations based on anatomy, histochemistry, and external morphology are combined, the growth cycle of the vegetative apex should be subdivided into five stages: (1) dormancy, (2) early bud-scale initiation, (3) late bud-scale initiation and rapid apical enlargement, (4) early, rapid leaf initiation, and (5) late, slow leaf initiation. The same cytohistological zonation pattern is present in vegetative apices throughout the growth cycle and usually consists of apical, peripheral, and rib meristem zones. During dormancy, early bud-scale initiation, and early leaf initiation, the apical zone is separated into apical initials and central mother cells based on nuclear characteristics and mitotic activity. Cytohistological zonation is supported by constant differences in nuclear volume, mitotic activity, and DNA content between zones. The peripheral zone is mitotically more active than the apical zone; however, the apical zone is not quiescent. Zones vary in size, prominence, and mitotic activity, which often relates to a particular developmental stage of the apex. The dormant apex has no mitotic activity, and cytohistological zonation is present but not distinct. Zonation increases throughout the first half of the growing season, reaches a maximum during late bud-scale and early leaf initiation, and decreases as dormancy approaches. In general, increases in nuclear volume, percentage of nuclei at 4C, and average DNA content per nucleus correlate with increases in the prominence of zonation. Zonation did not result from different zones being "held" at certain C levels of DNA. Although nuclear volume was used in calculating the DNA content, the DNA level often varied independently of volume. Mitotic activity and dormancy appear to be related to carbohydrate levels within the bud and subtending shoot. The period of most prominent zonation is also the period of most active primordial initiation, largest apical size, and the time when new axillary shoots become determined in their pathway of development.

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Bud development in Sitka spruce. I. Annual growth cycle of vegetative buds and shoots

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b76-029 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 54 (3-4) ◽

pp. 313-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

John N. Owens ◽

Marje Molder

Keyword(s):

Early Period ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Picea Sitchensis ◽

Leaf Primordia ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Leaf Initiation ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Vegetative Bud

Vegetative apices of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. were studied throughout the annual growth cycle. Apices became mitotically active late in March and the shoot axis and leaf primordia elongated causing the bud to swell. New axillary apices were initiated in mid-April and the terminal apex and new axillary apices initiated bud scales until early in July. Vegetative bud burst occurred early in June and shoot elongation was completed by mid-July. The end of shoot elongation coincided with the onset of leaf initiation. The change from bud-scale to leaf initiation was characterized by a period of increased mitotic activity and rapid apical growth. About half of the final number of leaves were initiated during the early period of rapid leaf initiation. The remaining leaf primordia were initiated more slowly over the next 3 months. Buds became dormant by mid-November.

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ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSE OF SHOOT APEX DEATH IN THE ANNUAL GROWTH CYCLE OF CASTANEA MOLLISSIMA BLUME CV. 'XIN 12'

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2009.844.18 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 133-138

Author(s):

Wang Guang-peng ◽

Liu Qing-xiang ◽

Kong De-jun

Keyword(s):

Shoot Apex ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Castanea Mollissima

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Community succession of the grapevine fungal microbiome in the annual growth cycle

Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1111/1462-2920.15172 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Di Liu ◽

Kate Howell

Keyword(s):

Growth Cycle ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Community Succession ◽

Fungal Microbiome

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Rate and timing of vegetative growth, flowering and fruit development of Persoonia virgata (Proteaceae)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt00033 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 245 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. M. Bauer ◽

M. E. Johnston ◽

R. R. Williams

Keyword(s):

Systematic Study ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Growth Pattern ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Growth Period ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Main Growth

Persoonia virgata R.Br. is harvested from the wild in both its vegetative and flowering stages. There has been no systematic study published on the annual growth cycle and anecdotal reports are conflicting. The growth pattern, flowering and fruit development of P. virgata in its natural habitat was recorded monthly for two consecutive years. The main growth period occurred in late spring–mid-autumn (November–May) when the shrubs were producing little or no fruit. Very few open flowers were observed at the site over the 2 years, with only 6.7 and 12.7% of stems bearing open flowers in January and February 1996, respectively. A second study of flowering on container-grown shrubs showed that individual flowers were open for only 2–5 days, with individual stems taking 3–8.5 weeks to complete flowering. The main fruit growth period occurred from May to September, and in June and July 1996 the total fruit set per stem was 41.6 and 36.1%, respectively. The fruit took at least 6 months to develop during which vegetative growth was minimal. The harvesting of plants in the flowering or fruiting stages removes the annual seed crop, which may reduce regeneration of this obligate seed regenerator and threaten its survival after fire.

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